真性红细胞增多症惯用诊疗原则比较张旻昱;胡延平;陈芳;张男;王韫秀;崔丽芬;张振忠;姜若腾;李月明;张继红【摘要】目的:本文描述了3种真性红细胞增多症诊疗原则:国内诊疗原则、WHO诊疗原则和BCSH诊疗原则,并比较3种诊疗原则的敏感性及特异性。办法:通过统计50例近期在中国医科大学附属盛京医院就诊的以红细胞增多为重要临床体现的病例自就诊以来有关信息,根据病史及临床疗效将患者分组,将此成果与3种诊疗原则得出的成果进行对比。成果:在纳入分析范畴的45例患者中,将35例诊疗为PV,其它10例为继发性红细胞增多。将国内诊疗原则、WHO诊疗原则及BCSH诊疗原则分别与临床诊疗成果对比,得到3种诊疗原则的敏感性分别为51.43%、85.71%和91.43%,特异性分别为100%、70%和90%。结论:JAK2V617F基因突变在PV诊疗中有重要地位。在JAK2V617F基因突变阴性的状况下,BCSH诊疗原则较为精确;而当JAK2V617F基因突变阳性时,单纯依靠BCSH诊疗原则会造成敏感性减少,需要WHO诊疗原则作为补充。【核心词】真性红细胞增多症;诊疗原则;WHO;BCSH【中图分类号】R555.1[Abstract]Objective:Threesetsofdiagnosticcriteriaforpolycythaemiavera(PV):theNationaldiagnosticcriteria,theBritishCommitteeforStandardsinHaematology(BCSH)criteriaandtheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)criteria()havebeendescribed.WecomparedtheabilityofeachsetofcriteriatoaccuratelydiagnosePVanddifferentiateitfromsecondaryerythrocytosis.Methods:TheclinicaldatabasewasdrawnfromerythrocytosispatientscurrentlyattendingtheShengjingHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversityandtherelevantinformationfromthetimeofdiagnosisforeachpatientwasassessedaccordingtoeachsetofcriteria.Result:Sufficientdatawasavailableon45patients:35PVand10secondaryerythrocytosisaccordingtotheclinicaldiagnosis.TheNationaldiagnosticcriteriaclassifiedonly18of35patients(51.43%)asPVbecauseofitsrigidity.TheWHOcriteriahadasensitivityof85.71%forclassifyingPV,whiletheBCSHcriteriahadanacceptablelevelof91.43%.Forsecondaryerythrocytosis,thespecificityoftheNationaldiagnosticcriteria,theWHOcriteriaandtheBCSHcriteriaare100%,70%and90%respectively.Conclusion:WeconcludedthattheJanuskinase2(JAK2)V617FmutationwasasignificantfactorinthediagnosisofPV,andtwodifferentdiagnosticcriteriasshouldbetakenonthebasisofJAK2V617Fmutation.TheBCSHcriteriawerethemostaccuratediagnosticcriteriaforPVinthenegativecases,yettheWHOcriteriawasacomplementarytotheBCSHcriteriatodifferentiatebetweenPVandothererythrocytoseswhentheJAK2V617Fwaspositive.真性红细胞增多症(PolycythaemiaVera,PV)被描述为无明确刺激因素作用下的骨髓红、粒及巨核谱系细胞克隆性增殖异常,其中以克隆性红细胞增多为重要特性,属于骨髓增殖性疾病(MPD)的一种[1]。其群体发生率为0.5~3.5/10万人口,诊疗时年纪中位数约60岁,并以男性为多(1.6:1)[2]。1976年,LouisWasserman等人成立了PVSG(PolycythaemiaVeraStudyGroup)[3],并初次提出PV诊疗条件[4](表1),以区别PV及继发性红细胞增多。能够看出,PVSG诊疗条件很大程度上依赖红细胞容量(RedCellMass,RCM)测定。而由于RCM测定本身不够精确,已不被临床广泛使用,这使这种诊疗原则需要被修订[2]。近40年间,PV的发病机制被广泛研究,重要突出了细胞的克隆性遗传学标志、体外培养有内源性红细胞集落形成和血清Epo水平下降这三个方面,多个诊疗原则也随之提出并强调了发病机制的重要性。例如,1996年由BSCH(BritishCommitteeforStandardsinHaematology)提出的诊疗原则[5](表1)中,增加了体外内源性红细胞集落(endogenouserythroidcolony,EEC)形成和血清促红细胞生成素(sEPO)有关检测。最有代表性的是WHO制订的真红诊疗原则(表1),但第二年Spivak即提出此诊疗原则的局限性之处[6]。,PV患者体细胞Janus激酶2(JAK2)突变(JAK2V617F)的发现再一次更新了人们对PV诊疗的认识[7]。此后,临床...