学习好资料欢迎下载《会计学原理》名词解释1.Accounting:isaninformationandmeasurementsystemthatidentifiesrecordsandcommunicatesrelevantreliableandcomparableinformationaboutanorganization’sbusinessactivities.(P2)2.Managerialaccounting:istheareaofaccountingthatservesthedecision-markingneedsofinternalusers.(P4)3.Events:refertohappeningsthataffectanentity’saccountingequationandcanbereliablymeasured.(P11)4.Externaluser:ofaccountinginformationarenotdirectlyinvolvedinrunningtheorganization.(P3)5.Internaluser:ofaccountinginformationarethosedirectlyefficiencyandeffectivenessofanorganization.(P4)6.Ethics:arebeliefsthatdistinguishrightfromwrong.Theyareacceptedstandardsofgoodandbadbehavior.(P5)7.Costprinciple:meansthataccountinginformationisbasedonactualcost.(P7)8.Revenuerecognitionprinciple:providesguidanceonwhenacompanymustrecognizerevenue.(P7)9.Matchingprinciple:prescribesthatacompanymustrecordsitsexpensesincurredtogeneratetherevenuereported.(P7)10.Going-concerningassumption:meansthataccountinginformation学习好资料欢迎下载reflectsapresumptionthatthebusinesswillcontinueoperatinginsteadofbeingclosedorsold.(P7)11.Audit:throughreviewofanorganization’saccountingrecordsandaccountingreportsandreturnmakebytheanalysis.12.Netincome:amountabusinessearnsafterpayingallexpensesandcostsassociatedwithitssalesandrevenues.(P15)13.Incomestatement:describesacompany’srevenuesandexpensesalongwiththeresultingnetincomeorlossoveraperiodtimeduetoearningsactivities.(P14)14.Statementofowner’sequity:explainschangesinequityfromnetincome(orloss)andfromanyownerinvestmentsandwithdrawalsoveraperiodoftime.(P14)15.Balancesheet:describesacompany’sfinancialposition(typesandamountsofassetsliabilitiesandequity)atapointintime.(P15)16.Statementofcashflows:identifiescashinflows(receipts)andcashoutflows(payments)overaperiodoftime.(P15)17.Owner’swithdrawalsaccount:theaccountusedtorecordthetransfersofassetsfromabusinesstoitsowner.(P31)18.Liabilities:iswhatacompanyowesitsnoowners(creditors)infuturepayments,products,orservices.(P10)19.Accountingequation:Assets=Liabilities+Equity.(P10)20.Accruedexpense:refertocoststhatareincurredinaperiodbutare学习好资料欢迎下载bothunpaidandunrecorded.(P66)21.Operatingcycle:isthetimespanfromwhencashisusedtoacquiregoodsandservicesuntilcashisreceivedfromthesaleofgoodsandservices.(P96)22.Shareholders(investors):aretheownersofacorporation.(P3)23.Currentradio:aratiousedtohelpevaluateacompany’sabilitytopayitsdebtsinthenearfuture.24.Merchandiseinventory:referstoproductsthatacompanyownsandintendstosell.(P113)25.Cashdiscount:reductioninareceivableorpayableifitispaidwithinthediscountperiod.sellerscangrantacashdiscounttodiscouragebuyerstopayearlier(P137)26.Grossprofit:alsocalledGrossmargin,whichequalsnetsalescostofgoodssold.(P137)27.Creditperiod:theamountoftimeallowedbeforefullpaymentisdue.(P137)28.Acid-testratio:aratiousedtoassetsacompany’sabilitytopayitscurrentliabilities;definedbycurrentliabilities.29.Sellingexpense:includetheexpensesofpromotingsalesbydisplayingandadvertisingmerchandise,makingsales,anddeliveringgoodstocustomers.(P124)30.Generalandadministrativeexpense:supportacompany’soverall学习好资料欢迎下载operationsandincludeexpensesrelatedtoaccounting,humanresourcemanagement,andfinancialmanagement.(P124)31.Timeperiodassumption:presumesthatthelifeofacompanycanbedividedintotimeperiods,suchas...
