Period3Grammar&Writing直接引语和间接引语(一)导图助记Ⅰ.定义直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。Ⅱ.几个方面的变化1．句型变化(1)请观察下列句子：Shesaid“，Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo.”(课文原句)→Shesaid(that)shedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledid.Hesaid“，Isawherlastnight.”→Hesaidthathehadseenherthenightbefore.归纳总结：如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句，而且在不引起歧义时that可以省略。此时语序不变。(2)请观察下列句子：Hesaid“，Areyouready”→？Heasked(us)ifwewereready.Mr.GreensaidtoJane“，Haveyoufinishedyourhomework”？→Mr.GreenaskedJanewhethershehadfinishedherhomework.归纳总结：如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if引导，使其成为宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，也可以加上一个间接宾语me，him，her，us或them等。(3)请观察下列句子：ShesaidtoTom“，Howareyoufeelingnow”→？SheaskedTomhowhewasfeelingthen.“WhatwillyoudoonSaturdaymorning”？myteacheraskedme.→MyteacheraskedmewhatIwoulddoonSaturdaymorning.归纳总结：如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词作为连接词引出间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。2．时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不需变化，若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语从句的时态变为相应的过去某种时态，一般为向前推一个时态。例句Shesaid“，Ineedacalculator.”→Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator.Jimsaid，“I'mexpectingalongdistancecall.”→Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.Nancysaid“，I'llcallagainlater.”→Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.Hesaid“，Itookithomewithme.”→Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.Paulsaid“，Ourteamhaswonthematch.”→Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.Hesaid“，Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.观察上面的例句不难发现如下规律：→一般现在时一般过去时→一般过去时过去完成时→一般将来时过去将来时→现在进行时过去进行时→现在完成时过去完成时→过去完成时过去完成时但是直接引语属于下面的情况，变为间接引语时时态不作改变。(1)主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。a．Hesays“，I'mtired.”→Hesaysthatheistired.b．Hewillsay“，Tomwaslazy.”→HewilltellyouthatTomwaslazy.(2)当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间限制，因此不需要变化时态。Ourgeographyteachersaidtous“，Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(3)直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。Shesaid“，Iwasbornin1978”→．Shesaidthatshewasbornin1978.(4)when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。Hesaid“，Itismanyyearssincehecametolivehere.”→Hesaidthatitwasmanyyearssincehecametolivethere.(5)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意义。Hesaid“，Youmustbeveryfondofart.”→HesaidthatImustbeveryfondofart.3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化例句指示代词Shesaid“，Sheiscomingthisweek.”→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.Hesaid“，Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.时间状语Hesaid“，It'steno'clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasteno'clockthen.Hesaid“，Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthat...
