The use of V–ing form1. 动名词的时态和语态 语态时态主动被动一般式完成式完成进行式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donehaving been doing无此形式2. 动名词的一般式表示的动作是经常性或习惯性的动作，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生的动作。I hate talking with such people.Being careless is not a good habit.3. 动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。I don’t remember having met him before.Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.4. 否定式在 V-ing 前加上 not, 警示语要直接在 V-ing 前加 noNot knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her.Not having received an answer, he wrote another letter. No parking/smoking/spitting.5. 动名词的逻辑主语一般应和句子的主语保持一致。当它们不一致时，要在名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格，称为动名词的复合结构 , 作用相当于一个名词性从句。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.What’s troubling them is their not having enough food.Talking to him made me angry.6 ．动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： ① 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的 .Playing tricks on others is something we should never do 。2) 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Learning new words is very important to me3) 说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数② 用形式主语 it ，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如 useful, useless, good, fun, no use, worth, hard, tiring, better, interesting, a waste of time 等。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock ．这事值得去做。It’s worth making the effort to do it ．看那本书事浪费时间。It is a waste of time reading that book.跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you ．③ 在 there be no doing 结构中，这种结构的意思相当于“ It is impossible to do… ” 。例如：这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about...
