北京市污水灌溉对农业环境影响的经济损失评估(doc43)(1)VIP免费

北京市污水灌溉对农业环境影响的经济损失评估杜洁摘 要严重缺水是制约首都农业发展的瓶颈，使用处理后的城市污水进行农田灌溉是一个缓和用水紧张局面的可行方法。但是，目前人们对于污水灌溉在认识上还存在很多误区，导致其在人体健康、土壤、地下水和农作物的影响等诸方面形成的污染日益严重。本研究就是针对北京市污水灌溉的环境污染问题利用环境经济学的理论方法，进行了污水灌溉的环境成本估算, 以期为北京市科学合理的发展污水灌溉技术提供依据。研究表明，2002 年北京市使用污水灌溉造成的农业环境经济损失已达 19.84 亿元，占全年农业生产总值的 8.61%。其中，农作物产量降低和品质下降的经济损失已达到约 14.33 亿元，占总环境损失的 72.23%。排在第二位的是人群健康所受影响的的经济损失，为 5.38 亿元，占总环境损失的 27.12%。关键词：污水灌溉,农业环境污染,经济损失评估AbstractThe development of our Capital is strictly limited by the lack of water. Sewage irrigation is a good way to reuse water. But because of the insufficiency understanding of it, the use of sewage was very un-scientific up to now. Its pollution to the soil, groundwater, crop and people health is more and more serious than before. The paper is to evaluate the impacts of sewage irrigation on agro-environmental quality in Beijing. We use environmental economy methods to evaluate the environmental cost of sewage irrigation, hopeing the conclusion of us can give some basis to the scientific development of wastewater irrigation in Beijing. The conclusion of the research saying, the agro-environmental cost caused by sewage irrigation in Beijing during 2002 has achieved 1.984 billion yuan, according to 8.61% of total income of agriculture in 2002. Among those the cost of crop is 1.433 billion yuan, according to 72.23% of the total agro-environmental cost. Following is the cost of people health, 538 million yuan and 27.12%.Key word: sewage irrigation, agro-environmental pollut...