Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.1Wordformandmeanings•Questions1:Whatisform?•Allaspectsoflanguagearetiedinsomewayorothertowords,whichhavetwoaspects:theirformsandtheirmeanings.•Formconcernsthewayanexpressionsounds(forspokenlanguage)orlooks(forwrittenorsignedlanguage)orhowanexpressionisproduced.•Question2:Whatisthemeaningofaword?•1)Dictionarydefinition•2)Mentalimage•3)Referent•4)Contextualmeaning•Situationalcontext:•Isuggestweattackthereds.•Isuggestweattackthereds.Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.2Thefeaturesofwordmeanings•1)Thestabilityandchangeabilityofwordmeanings•nice:foolish---strange---coy---refined---subtle---slender---•agreeable---pleasant•2)Twotypesofwordmeaningsconceptual/literal/denotativemeaningextended/associativemeaning1.3Wordsandtheirconceptualmeanings•1)Totalsemanticequivalence•falsesemanticequivalence:•密码早恋方便面隐形眼镜流动资金新闻自由•passwordpuppyloveinstantnoodles•contactlensesworkingcapitalfreedomofpress•2)Partialsemanticequivalence•marryuncleauntmorning•嫁;娶早晨,上午Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings•A.Thatmistakekilledhischance.•B.Hisjokenearlykilledme.•C.Theoutstandingfinalkilledtheaudience.•D.Theykilledthemotionwhentheyhadthesecondmeeting.•E.Garlickilledthetasteofthedish.•3)Noequivalentsinanotherlanguage•aspirinballetgolftango•阿司匹林芭蕾高尔夫探戈•气功磕头阴阳饺子•qigongkowtouyinyangjiaozi•苦迭打德律风狄克推多德谟克拉西伯理玺天德费厄泼赖•coupdetattelephonedictatorshipdemocracypresident•fairplayLecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.4Englishwords&culturalconceptualmeanings1)words---historyandgeography2)words---politicsandreligion3)words---ancientGreek&Romancivilization4)words---nationalvalueandwayofbehavior5)words---holidays1.5Wordsandtheirextended/connotativemeanings1)Thesameconnotativemeaninginthetwolanguages2)Noequivalentconnotativemeaninginanotherlanguage3)oppositeconnotativemeaningLecture5–2WordStructure•2.1Wordcomponents•Definitionofwordandmorpheme•lexicalandgrammaticalmorpheme•contentandfunctional/morpheme•freeandboundmorpheme•inflectionalandderivationalmorpheme•2.2ThefeaturesofC-Eword-formation•1)Wordisthesmallestunitthatcanbemovedinthesentence.•2)Wordistheunitthatnoothercomponentcanbeputin.•Lecture5–2WordStructure•2.2.1Affixation•internationalization•internationalize•internationalistinternationality•international•internationalisminternationallyinternationallyinternationalnationnationhoodnationwide•nationallynationalnationalizenationalizer•nationalitynationalization•nationalism•nationalist•nationalistic•nationalisticallyLecture5–2WordStructure•1)Innumber•InEnglish:roots421prefixes115suffixes222•InChinese:roots3630prefixes51,suffixes110•2)Thetrend•stepstep-multiplemulti-超超-准准-化-化•from实to虚•3)阿哥,阿姐,哥哥,姐姐,哥,姐•老+虎老虎,狮+子狮子,老虎啸,狮子吼,•虎啸,狮吼•4)-里部里,院里,•-吧酒吧,网吧,茶吧,•-的面的,摩的,•-托医托,票托Lecture5–2WordStructure•2.2.2Compounding•Parallelrelation•bitter-sweet,deaf-mute•classroom,draftsman,sportsman,townspeople•1)海洋,文字,阻塞,追逐,吹嘘,•2)始终,方圆,供求,买卖,异同,•3)穿戴,尺寸,江山,骨肉,爪牙•4)忘记,睡觉,国家,女儿,动静•Structuralrelation•1)头疼脑热,地震,二人转,国有,眼热,形合,意合•headache,earthquake,daybreak,rainfallLecture5–2WordStructure•2)动员,接风,关心,吹风,送客,•knitwear,scare...