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Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.1Wordformandmeanings•Questions1:Whatisform?•Allaspectsoflanguagearetiedinsomewayorothertowords,whichhavetwoaspects:theirformsandtheirmeanings.•Formconcernsthewayanexpressionsounds(forspokenlanguage)orlooks(forwrittenorsignedlanguage)orhowanexpressionisproduced.•Question2:Whatisthemeaningofaword?•1)Dictionarydefinition•2)Mentalimage•3)Referent•4)Contextualmeaning•Situationalcontext:•Isuggestweattackthereds.•Isuggestweattackthereds.Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.2Thefeaturesofwordmeanings•1)Thestabilityandchangeabilityofwordmeanings•nice:foolish---strange---coy---refined---subtle---slender---•agreeable---pleasant•2)Twotypesofwordmeaningsconceptual/literal/denotativemeaningextended/associativemeaning1.3Wordsandtheirconceptualmeanings•1)Totalsemanticequivalence•falsesemanticequivalence:•密码早恋方便面隐形眼镜流动资金新闻自由•passwordpuppyloveinstantnoodles•contactlensesworkingcapitalfreedomofpress•2)Partialsemanticequivalence•marryuncleauntmorning•嫁；娶早晨，上午Lecture5--1WordsandMeanings•A.Thatmistakekilledhischance.•B.Hisjokenearlykilledme.•C.Theoutstandingfinalkilledtheaudience.•D.Theykilledthemotionwhentheyhadthesecondmeeting.•E.Garlickilledthetasteofthedish.•3)Noequivalentsinanotherlanguage•aspirinballetgolftango•阿司匹林芭蕾高尔夫探戈•气功磕头阴阳饺子•qigongkowtouyinyangjiaozi•苦迭打德律风狄克推多德谟克拉西伯理玺天德费厄泼赖•coupdetattelephonedictatorshipdemocracypresident•fairplayLecture5--1WordsandMeanings1.4Englishwords&culturalconceptualmeanings1）words---historyandgeography2）words---politicsandreligion3）words---ancientGreek&Romancivilization4）words---nationalvalueandwayofbehavior5）words---holidays1.5Wordsandtheirextended/connotativemeanings1)Thesameconnotativemeaninginthetwolanguages2)Noequivalentconnotativemeaninginanotherlanguage3)oppositeconnotativemeaningLecture5–2WordStructure•2.1Wordcomponents•Definitionofwordandmorpheme•lexicalandgrammaticalmorpheme•contentandfunctional/morpheme•freeandboundmorpheme•inflectionalandderivationalmorpheme•2.2ThefeaturesofC-Eword-formation•1)Wordisthesmallestunitthatcanbemovedinthesentence.•2)Wordistheunitthatnoothercomponentcanbeputin.•Lecture5–2WordStructure•2.2.1Affixation•internationalization•internationalize•internationalistinternationality•international•internationalisminternationallyinternationallyinternationalnationnationhoodnationwide•nationallynationalnationalizenationalizer•nationalitynationalization•nationalism•nationalist•nationalistic•nationalisticallyLecture5–2WordStructure•1)Innumber•InEnglish:roots421prefixes115suffixes222•InChinese:roots3630prefixes51,suffixes110•2)Thetrend•stepstep-multiplemulti-超超-准准-化-化•from实to虚•3)阿哥，阿姐，哥哥，姐姐,哥，姐•老+虎老虎，狮+子狮子，老虎啸，狮子吼，•虎啸，狮吼•4)-里部里，院里，•-吧酒吧，网吧，茶吧，•-的面的，摩的，•-托医托，票托Lecture5–2WordStructure•2.2.2Compounding•Parallelrelation•bitter-sweet,deaf-mute•classroom,draftsman,sportsman,townspeople•1)海洋，文字，阻塞，追逐，吹嘘，•2)始终，方圆，供求，买卖，异同，•3)穿戴，尺寸，江山，骨肉，爪牙•4)忘记，睡觉，国家，女儿，动静•Structuralrelation•1)头疼脑热，地震，二人转，国有，眼热，形合，意合•headache,earthquake,daybreak,rainfallLecture5–2WordStructure•2)动员，接风，关心，吹风，送客，•knitwear,scare...