1 《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲一、翻译定义:1. 张培基——翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。?3. 刘宓庆——翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。?4. 王克非——翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。5. 泰特勒——好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言,以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受,如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。?6. 费道罗夫——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所有已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。?7. 卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说:把一种语言(Source Language)中的篇章材料用另一种语言(Target Language)中的篇章材料来加以代替。8. 奈达——翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物,首先就意义而言,其次就是文体而言。“Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” ---Eugene Nida 纽马克——通常(虽然不能说总是如此),翻译就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字(语言) 。“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.” --- Peter Newmark 10. “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language译入语 ) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原 语 ), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.” --- Dubois 12. 13.Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message o...