一)名词性从句 —— that ,if whether引导名词性从句:名词性从句就是具有名词特点的从句。它包括主语、宾语、同位语以及表语从句,掌握名词性从句首先需要掌握它的引导词。引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类,即连接代词、连接副词、以及连词。1)连接代词有 what ,whatever ,which ,whichever ,who,whoever,whom ,whomever,whose。2)连接副词有 why ,when,where,how 等。3)连词有 that,whether ,if 。一、 引导名词性从句的连词1.that 无词义,在句子中不作成分,只起连接作用,在宾语从句中可以被省略。2.whether ,if 的区别: whether 通常可以引导所有的名词性从句,而 if 通常只引导宾语从句,引导主语从句时不能放在句首。二、主语从句1.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在句子的谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子的末尾。在口语中 it 作形式主语时,that 可以省略。It doesn’ t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你来不来没有关系。2.that 引导主语从句在句首不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week surprised us all. 上周他突然生病使大家都很惊讶。3.if 引导主语从句不可置于句首,而要用whether 。Whether you are right has to be proved in the future. 你是否正确还有待在将来证明。三、表语从句表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是:主语+系动词+表语从句。可以接表语从句的系动词有:be,look , seem 等。The problem is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time. The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. It looks as if it is going to rain. 主语是表示建议, 命令,请求的名词时, 其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式是: should do, should 可被省略。My suggestion is that he(should)be sent to the hospital at once. 四、宾语从句1.宾语从句就是在复合句中充当宾语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词 )或介词之后。有些形容词如:sure,afraid ,anxious ,aware ,certain , confident ,convinced ,determined , glad ,proud ,surprised ,worried ,sorry , thankful ,ashamed,disappo...