高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气1. 语气的定义和种类(1)语气的定义语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。(2)语气的种类A. 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today !B. 祈使语气表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。Be careful. Don’ t forget to close the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。2. 虚拟语气一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类:条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与现在事实相违背过去式(动词是be 用 were)should / would/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相违背had + 过去分词should / would/could/might + have +过去分词与未来事实相违背1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式 (动词是 Be 也可以用 were)should / would/could/might + 动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be 的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might , could)+动词原形。如:If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。(事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。)If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。(事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should ( would, might , could)+ have +过去分词。如:She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要...