症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination实验室检查laboratory examination触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure咳痰expectoration咯血 hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢 性 阻 塞 性 肺 气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma胸腔积液 pleural effusion气胸 pneumothorax恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipatio