英语的动词一般带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气，不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。一、陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。JapanliesontheeastofChina.二、祈使语气（theImperativeMood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Don’tbeworried.三、虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件状语从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反If＋主语＋动词过去式(be一律用were)主语＋should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反If＋主语＋haddone主语＋should/would/could/might+have+havedone与将来事实相反A.If＋主语＋动词过去式B.If＋主语＋wereto＋动词原形C.If＋主语＋should＋动词原形A.主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形B.祈使句注意：主句的should通常用于第一人称（I,we）would可用于任何人称，也可根据意思用could，might。12与将来事实相反的B、C之间的区别是B比C所表示的实现的可能性更小。A.表示与现在事实相反从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成IfI（we,you,he,they）＋动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could＋动词原形。•IfIwereyou,Ishouldtellhimthetruth.•要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。•Ifhehadtime,hewould(could,might)gowithyou.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。B.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.WewouldhavewonifJackhadscoredthatgoal.Ifmywatchhadnotstopped,Ishouldhavebeenontime.C.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might＋动词原形。Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.2.含蓄条件句可用without,butfor/that,通过上下文表示e.g.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.=Ifithadn’trainedShewouldhavefallenbutthatIcaughther.=IfIhadn’tcaughtherWithoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceeded.指过去虚拟陈述3.省略连词if当从句中有were,had,should,would等放在主语前可省略if，用倒装形式。e.g.WereIabird,Iwouldflythere.Hadyounothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme4.省略主句、从句（常用以表示愿望）Thatwouldbefine.(Ifyoushoulddoit.)IfIcouldonlyfindthelostmoney.(Thatwouldbefine.)Ifonlymygrandmotherwerewithme!（Thatwouldbefine.）5.半陈述半虚拟YesterdayTomwasill,otherwisehewouldhavecomehere.Hewouldhaveattendedthemeetingbuthewasinhospitalthatday.虚拟语气的其它用法1.简单句中，表达愿望，祝愿及说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌等：Couldyougivemeahand（用过去时表示现在）Wouldyoubesokindastoopenthedoor？kindenoughYouhadbettergonow.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.2.在宾语从句中（wouldyoumindif…did…）a）wouldrathersb.did/haddonesth.I’dratheryoudidn’tcome.I’dratherIhadseenthefilm.b）wish+宾语从句与现在事实相反，用过去时与过去事实相反，用过去完成时与将来事实相反，用should/would/could+V原Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.（现在）IwishIhadseenherlastweek.（过去）Iwishhewouldcomelater.（将来）c）表示建议：suggest,advice,propose表示要求:ask,demand,request,require,command表示命令、坚持：order,insistIsuggestedthatyou(should)tryagain.虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.陈述句Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryone(should)obeytherules.虚拟语气，动作还没发生Heinsistedthat...
