急慢性扁桃体炎VIP免费

扁桃体炎Tonsillitis定义：扁桃体作为咽淋巴环的重要结构，位于呼吸道和消化道的上端，最先接触自口鼻进入的病原，在机体抵抗力下降时容易受到病原体侵犯而发炎。主要包括急﹑慢性扁桃体炎。Definition:Definition:Tonsilistheimportantstructureofthepharyngeallymphaticcircle,locatedattheupperofrespiratorytractanddigestivetract,whichisfirstcontactwithpathogenfrommouth/nose.Thatiseasilyinvadingbypathogen,thentakesplaceinflammation,includingacute/chronictonsillitis.急性扁桃体炎Acutetonsillitis定义：腭扁桃体的急性非特异性炎症，常伴有急性咽炎，是一种咽部常见病，多发于儿童﹑青年，在季节更替，气温变化时容易发病。可分为卡他性﹑化脓性两型。DefinitionDefinition::Theacutenon-specialinflammationofPalatinetonsil,beinglinkedtopharyngitis.Thatisthecommondiseaseandmoretakesplaceinchildren/youth,includingcatarrh/suppuratingtype.病因Etiology感染主要致病菌为乙型容血性链球菌葡萄球菌肺炎双球菌腺病毒厌氧菌机体防御能力下降常见诱因受凉﹑劳累﹑潮湿﹑烟酒传染性飞沫或直接接触传染，通常呈散发性，偶有爆发流行InfectionInfectionThemaingermswasBstreptococccusStaphylococciPneumonia-diplococcusAdenoviruses/AnaerobesTheabilityofbodyTheabilityofbodydefencewasdescentdefencewasdescentCommonfactorCommonfactorcold/tired/wetness/smoking/drinkingInfectivityInfectivitydroplet/directlycontacting临床特征Clinicalfeature急性卡他性扁桃体炎：咽痛低热轻度全身症状：乏力﹑酸痛﹑精神差粘膜急性充血肿胀，扁桃体表面无渗出物血象：白细胞总数及中性白细胞升高AcutecatarrhalAcutecatarrhaltonsillitistonsillitisPharyngealpain/LowfeverLightlytotalsymptom:achingpain/inertiaAcutecongestionofmucosa,havinglittleexudatesontonsilsurfaceBlood:TheamountofWBC/neutrophilwashigh.临床特征Clinicalfeature急性化脓性扁桃体炎起病急，局部和全身症状较重咽痛剧烈，反射痛，吞咽困难畏寒﹑高热：幼儿可高热抽搐，呕吐﹑昏睡扁桃体肿大，周围充血，表面有脓点或假膜，假膜不超出扁桃体范围，易擦拭去，不出血下颌角淋巴结肿大﹑压痛血象：白细胞总数及中性白细胞升高ActuesuppurativeActuesuppurativetonsllitistonsllitisRapidlyillness,havingmoresymptomsoftotal/localbody.Pharyngealpainintensity/flectingpain/disphagiaFeelingcool/highfever:tic/vomiting/lethargySwellingoftonsil/peri-tonsilhyperemia,havingpusandfalsemembraneontonsilsurface.swellingoflymphaticnodesiaangleofmandible,havingpressingpain.Blood:TheamountofWBC/neutrophilwashigh.急性化脓性扁桃体炎急性化脓性扁桃体炎诊断Diagnosis典型病史+咽部检查鉴别诊断：咽炎猩红热溃疡性咽炎Typicalhistory/Typicalhistory/pharyngealpharyngealexaminationexaminationDifferentialDifferentialdiagnosisdiagnosisPharyngitisScarletfeverUlcerativepharyngitis.并发症Complication局部并发症：扁桃体周围脓肿急性中耳炎：儿童常见急性淋巴结炎咽旁脓肿：较少见全身并发症:(机体对链球菌所产生的Ⅲ型变态反应)风湿热急性关节炎﹑心肌炎急性肾炎LocalLocalcomplications:complications:peritonsillarabscessAcuteotitismediaAcutelymphadenitisParapharyngealabscessComplicationsofComplicationsoftotalbody:totalbody:(thetypeofⅢallergicreactioninducedbystreptococcus)RheumaticfeverAcutearthritisAcutenephritis治疗Treatment抗菌消炎是本病的治疗原则，青霉素是首选药物。对症治疗是解热镇痛局部治疗是含漱液+含片Thetherapeticprincipleofthisdiseaseisanti-bacteriaandeliminatinginflammation,penicillinisthefirst-lineofclinicaldrug.Reliefoffeverand...