高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星 *制作整理）非谓语动词的用法比较1、 动词不定式与动词-ing（动名词）作 主语 时的比较：不定式作主语通常表示“具体动作”或“某个特定的情况”。动名词作主语通常表示“抽象动作或泛指一般情况”。如：It’s not good for you to smoke so much. （特指）Smoking is a bad habit, which you should get rid of. （泛指）2、 动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词、现在分词）与过去分词作表语 时的比较：（1）动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词）作表语时，前者表示某一具体动作，特别是将来的动作，而后者表示比较抽象的一般行为。如：Our job today is to sweep the floor. The ant queen’ job is laying eggs. (2) 现在分词、过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特点和状态。如：The news I heard just now is very astonishing. The car is broken and we have to have it repaired. 3、动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词、现在分词）与过去分词作定语 时的比较：（1）动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词）作定语时，前者放在被修饰名词的后面，后者则放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰名词的用途。A .She was the first woman to climb the highest mountain in the world. (修饰被序数词、 最高级或 no, all , any 等限定的中心词。 ) B. She has no ability to read and write Chinese. ( 抽象名词常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。 ) C.I borrowed some books intended for children to read during my holiday. (表将来 ) D. a sitting room=a room for sitting （2）现在分词和过去分词作定语，单个的常放在被修饰名词的前面，说明其所修饰的名词的性质或特征；如是短语，常放在被修饰的名词后面，前者相当于一个定语从句，表示“说话时正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性”的动作；而后者也相当于一个定语从句，分词所表示的动作一般“先于谓语动词所表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性的动作”。A. Tom is going to attend the wedding party in two days. B. The girl dancing happily is a friend of mine. = The girl who is dancing happily i...
