转座子分类系统邢鹏伟2018
09重复序列串联重复散在重复片段重复简单重复微卫星DNA小卫星DNA卫星DNA转座子(TE)反转录转座子DNA转座子LTRNon-LTRSINEsLINEsHelitronsMITEsAluHarbingerCACTAhATPIFTc1/MarinerERVTy1-copiaTy3-gypsyCORE-SINEV-SINEAmnSINEL1RTER2JockeyPLEDIRSpenelopeDIRS基因组上可以改变自己位置的一段DNA序列
通俗而言,copy-paste,cut-paste转座子:Autonomous:Non-autonomous:染色体结构requirethepresenceofanotherTEtomove占比/genome果蝇:22%家蚕:35%人类:45%玉米:80%小麦:85%作用基因组大小基因组重排新基因生成基因机构及调控酵母:3%canmovebythemselvesusea"copy-and-paste"mechanism,wherebytheyarefirsttranscribedintoRNA,thenconvertedbackintoidenticalDNAsequencesusingreversetranscription,andthesesequencesaretheninsertedintothegenomeattargetsites
占比小麦:>70%人:>42%机制复制-粘贴RNA介导转座子反转录转座子转座子反转录转座子长末端重复LTRTy1-copiaTy3-gypsy天冬氨酸蛋白酶逆转录酶核糖核酸酶Pol开放阅读框GAG开放阅读框整合酶位置不同AutonomousTy3-gypsyTy3-gypsy特异家族小麦Angela,大麦BARE1,水稻Opie家族等Ty1-copiaERV转座子反转录