《美国文学史及选读》 考试题型及复习要点 2017 4 5 Poe 是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。他的重要著作。他的批评作品：诗歌原则和写作哲学。能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌，如《乌鸦》 、《Annabel Lee》、《海伦》等。?讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。这个短篇小说的主题是什么？对海伦熟悉他的诗。Ralph Waldo Emerson Know something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalism refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.Major concepts 1) Power of intuition. 2) Spirit first, matter second. 3) Nature as symbolic of spirit or God. 6 4) Individual as the most important element in society/ self-reliant 5) Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “ oversoul ” 6) Commerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world The “over-soul” as called by Emerson was an all-pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God as the most important thing in the universe. Emerson’s Nature is called ‘manifesto of transcendentalism’.The American Scholar (1837) is regarded as “ America ’ s Second Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) Independence”Be familiar with the essay ‘Self-reliance ’.拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生7 ?知道一些关于超验主义。记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖：超验主义指的是一种态度，相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别，或实现知识超越感官。主要概念?1）直觉的力量。2）?精神第一，物质二。?3）自然象征精神或上帝。?4）个体在社会 /自立的最重要的元素?5）宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵”6）商务 ?...
