。。1 英语试题公共英语部分Put the following passage into Chinese: 1、Critics（评论员，批评者） of early schooling（早期教育） cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators （教育工作者） find that older toddlers（小孩子， 幼儿） are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail. Kindergarten（幼儿园，学前班） children who turn five during the latter（较后的，后者的） half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage（劣势，不利） when it comes to physical（身体的，物理的）, emotional, social, and intellectual（智力的） development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally（口头地） skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial（表面的） poise （自信，镇静） and sophistication（老练） of many of today’s children with inner maturity（成熟） . Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs（产生事与愿违的结果，自食其果）: Youngsters（小孩子） whose parents push them to attain （获得， 实现） academic （学业的， 学院的） success in preschool （幼儿园， 学前班） are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial（最初的，开始的） academic advantage over their less-pressured peers. Many psychologists（心理学研究者，心理学家） and educators remain skeptical（怀疑的） of approaches（方法） that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting（环境， 背景， 地点） . They question w...
