四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1.本试题共5大题，共11页，请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2.1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。3.翻译和作文题答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹消楚、工整。I.ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWhenapersonbeginsamediatedorimmediateencounter,healreadystandsinsomekindofsocialrelationshiptotheothersconcerned,andexpectstostandinagivenrelationshiptothemaftertheparticularencounterends.This,ofcourse,isoneofthewaysinwhichsocialcontactsaregearedintothewidersociety.Muchoftheactivityoccurringduringanencountercanbeunderstoodasaneffortoneveryone’sparttogetthroughtheoccasionandalltheunanticipatedandunintentionaleventsthatcancastparticipantsinanundesirablelight,withoutdisruptingtherelationshipsoftheparticipants.Andifrelationshipsareintheprocessofchange，theobjectwillbetobringtheencountertoasatisfactoryclosewithoutalteringtheexpectedcourseofdevelopment.Theperspectivenicelyaccounts,forexample,forthelittleceremoniesofgreetingandfarewellwhichoccurwhenpeoplebeginaconversationalencounterordepartfromone.Greetingsprovideawayofshowingthatarelationshipisstillwhatitwasattheterminationofthepreviousco-participation,and,typically,thatthisrelationshipinvolvessufficientsuppressionofhostilityfortheparticipantstemporarilytodroptheirguardsandtalk.Farewellssumuptheeffectoftheencounterupontherelationshipandshowwhattheparticipantsmayexpectofoneanotherwhentheynextmeet.Theenthusiasmofgreetingscompensatesfortheweakeningoftherelationshipcausedbytheabsencejustterminated,whiletheenthusiasmoffarewellscompensatestherelationshipfortheharmthatisabouttobedonetoitbyseparation.Itseemstobeacharacteristicobligationofmanysocialrelationshipsthateachofthemembersguaranteestosupportagivenfacefortheothermembersingivensituations.Topreventdisruptionoftheserelationships,itisthereforenecessarilyforeachmembertoavoiddestroyingtheothers’face.Atthesametime,itisoftentheperson’ssocialrelationshipwithothersthatleadshimtoparticipateincertainencounterswiththem,whereincidentallyhewillbedependentuponthemforsupportinghisface.Furthermore,inmanyrelationships,thememberscometoshareaface,sothatinthepresenceofthirdpartiesanimproperactonthepartofonememberbecomesasourceofacuteembarrassmenttotheothermembers.Asocialrelationship,then,canbeseenasawayinwhichthepersonismorethanordinarilyforcedtotrusthisself-imageandfacetothetactandgoodconductofothers.1.Thelastwordofthefirstsentence,namely“ends'ismostlikelyB.[A]anoun,meaning“purposes”or“objectives”[B]averb,meaning“comestoafinish”[C]apostpositionaladjective,meaning“finishing”[D]anadjective,meaning“purposeful”2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifanyunexpecteddifficultiesoccurinasocialcontact,B.[A]therelationshipsbetweentheparticipantsbreakup[B]thosewhoparticipatewillbeinanunintentionalevent[C]allparticipantswouldtrytomaintaintheirrelationships|D]theparticipantswillcertainlygetthroughanactivity3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanideaoftheauthor?C[A]Theparticipantshopetheirrelationshipwouldbethesameastheymetlast.[B]Greetingsarejustasimportantasfarewellsinasocialencounter.[C]Beforeeverygreetingthereisalwayssufficienthostilitytosuppress.[D]Iftheirrelationshipchanges,theparticipantswantittochangeastheyhoped.4....
