高三英语阅读理解人物传记类(1)

2010DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDPassage1(09DDDED)FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,ItwasnDtmuchDapictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowedDtheshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.DernamewasDosalindFranklin.DSheshouldhavebeenupthere,DsayshistorianMaryBowden.DIfherphotoshadnDtbeenthere,theotherscouldnDthavecomeupwiththestructure.UDnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitorsAtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNADspartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKingDsCollegeinDondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule(口D).Theraysproducedpatternsreflectiontheshape.ButWilkinsandFranklinDsrelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,DMereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.DAsFranklinDscompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein197DthatDFranklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.UNo,Franklinwasthesolution.DShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco—discoverer，口Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.DncedescribedastheDDarkDadyofDNAD,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.57. ...