目录一、常用的数量关系式.．..．..．．.．．...．.......．.．．.1二、小学数学图形计算公式......．..．.．....．．..１三、常用单位换算．...．.．.．..．.....．．．．.．.．.．.．....．.．1四、基本概念...．．....．．....．．....．．．.．........．......．..2（一)整数.．...．．....．....．.．．.．....．.............2数位顺序表．....．..．.........．........．．...２２、3、５的倍数.....．．.．....．...．......．2质数、合数、奇数、偶数..．.．...2（二)小数.．．．........．..．.......．.．.........．....31小数的意义.．........．.．.．.．.．...．．.．..３2小数的分类.．.．.......．．...．...．．.......3(三）分数.．...．.．..．..．．．．..．．.．．...．..．...．..．..3分数的意义．.．..．.．..．..．..．.......．.．．.．..3分数的分类.....．...．．．....．........．．...．.3约分和通分..．.．..．．．...．...．．.．..．．....．．．3（四)百分数.．...．........．．．..．......．．....．...3(五)数的读法和写法..．.........．...．...3（六）数的改写.....．..．....．....．...．.．.......4（七）小数、分数、百分数互化.....4（八）数的整除............．...．.....．.........4（九)约分和通分...．．．．．．.．.....．...．.．．．.4五、性质和规律..．.....．....．.．..．..．.．..．........．....4商不变性质、分数的基本性质....．.．.4比的性质、小数的性质．...．..．...．........4比例的性质．...．....．........．.．...．．...．......．．．.4小数点位置的移动引起小数大小的变化..．...．....．.....．.．...．............．..．..．．.．４分数、除法、比的关系...........．.....．5六、运算的意义．.......．.．.............．......．.．．....5(一)整数四则运算...．.....．....．...．.....5（二)小数四则运算.........．..........．．.5（三）分数四则运算...．..．...．............5(四）运算定律..．.........．...．.．.．...．......5(五）运算法则.......．.．．...．.．．........．．．.．6(六）和差积商的变换规律...．.....．.．6（七)运算顺序..........．．......．.....．....．．.6七、应用．．.．.........．.．..............．....．．．.....．.．...．．．６（一）整数和小数的应用...．.．.．．.....．.．.．．..61简单应用题.．...........．．.........．．.．．．..６2复合应用题.....．．.．．....．..．.........．....63典型应用题....．.................．.．.......．7（1）平均数问题.．.．．...．....．......．.7(２)归一问题..．．.．.....．．.....．．.．....７（3）归总问题.．.．.....．............．．..7（4)和差问题...．...．.．．........．...．..7(5）和倍问题......．..．.．.....．．....．．.1３（6）差倍问题.．..．．..．....．......．.....8(７)行程问题.．...............．..．...．．８（８）流水问题．..．．.．....．.....．．.......８（９）还原问题........．．.......．.．..．...8（1０)植树问题．.．..．．．.....．．.．．．.....９(11）盈亏问题..．..．...．.．............9（12）年龄问题.....．．.......．..．．..．．.9(1３）鸡兔问题．...............．.．....．9(二）分数和百分数的应用..............．.９八、度量衡...．......．.........．.．....．.......．．......．10九、代数初步知识..．........．...．．...．..．.．．．.．....１0（一)用字母表示数．........．．.................１０(二）简易方程..．.．.....．....．．...．...．..．........1０(三)解方程..．．.．．．．．...．.．......．......．．..．...．..１0（四)列方程解应用题...．．.....．.......．.．.．.10（五）比和比例．．....．.......．.．.....．.............10十、几何的初步知识.．．.．........．......．.........11（一)线和角.．.........．...．．.．．．...................1１(二）平面图形．.．..........．...
