PRETREATMENT OPTIONS 预处理选项 4. PRETREATMENT OPTIONS 预处理选项 4.1 INTRODUCTION 简介 Pretreatment is all process steps or unit operations prior to the last (final) water treatment step. Pretreatment is a series of unit operations to modify the feed water quality so that it will be of adequate quality to be fed to a final treatment step. This final step may be Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration, Multi or Mixed Bed Deionization or Distillation. These final steps are discussed in Chapters 5 and 6. 预处理是指最后（最终）水处理步骤之前的所有加工步骤或单元操作。预处理是一系列的单元操作，用来改善给水水质以使其水质足够好而进入终处理步骤。最终步骤可以是反渗透、超滤、多或混合床去离子或蒸馏。第5、6章中将详细讨论这些最终步骤。 Reverse Osmosis is unique since it can be a pretreatment step, in addition to being a final treatment step.Reverse Osmosis applications in pretreatment are discussed in this chapter and Chapter 11, but Reverse Osmosis as a technology is discussed in Chapters 5 and 6. 反渗透很特别，因为它即可以是一个预处理步骤，另外还能是一个终处理步骤。本章和第11章将讨论反渗透作为预处理的情况，而将其作为一门技术的情况将在5、6章中详述。 The initial sections of this chapter discuss the process design (programming issues) for pretreatment design including feed water quality and output water quality from pretreatment. The chapter then discusses the selection of treatment options (i.e. unit operations) for four groups of impurities: 本章的开始部分讨论预处理设计的过程设计（程序设计问题），包括给水水质和经过预处理后出来的水质。然后讨论针对四种杂质所做选择的处理选项（即单元操作）： • Control of fouling-removal of turbidity and particulates 浑浊度和粒子的除垢控制 • Control of scaling-removal of hardness and metals 硬度和金属的除氧化皮控制 • Removal of organics and microbiological imp...
