Unit1Buildingthefuture第一单元建设未来Pages2-3ReadingPartB第2到3页阅读B部分M10U1Reading:Teachamantofish授人以渔In1985,therewaslittlerainfallinEthiopia,whichledtopoorharvestsandthedeathofmanyofthecountry‘scattle.ThegravityofthesituationshockedBobGeldof,anIrishmusician,soheorganizedacharityconcertcalledLiveAidtoraisemoneyforthevictimsofhungerinEthiopia.Theconcerttookplaceon13July1985intwoplaces—LondonandPhiladelphia—andincludedthebiggeststarsofthetime.Geldofintendedtheconcerttoraisemoneyforhungerreliefandtomakethepublicmoreawareoftheproblem.Intheend,$100millionwasraised,whichwasusedtobuyfoodandtoprovidehelpwithdevelopmentprojectsinEthiopia.Theconcertalsomadetheheadlinesaroundtheworld,andputgreatpressureonpoliticiansandstatesmentodosomethingabouttheproblemofworldhunger.LiveAidwasin1985,butformanypeopleinthedevelopingworld,diseaseandpovertyarestillaseriousproblem.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,tenmillionpeopledieeveryyearofstarvationorproblemsrelatedtohavingapoordiet.Infact,hungeristheworld‘snumberonehealthrisk,killingmorepeoplethananydisease.Inwrestlingwiththedilemmaofworldwidehunger,theUnitedNationssetupanagencycalledtheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)in1963.TheWFPhasorganizedanumberofprogrammes,includingtheFood-for-Lifeprogramme,whichsendsemergencyfoodaidtocountriesduringtimesoftrouble;theFood-for-Growthprogramme,whichtargetspeoplemostatrisk,suchasbabies,pregnantwomenandoldpeople;andtheFood-for-Workprogramme,whichhelpspeoplewithoutjobssupportthemselvesbygivingthemworkandpayingtheminfoodaid.Throughprogrammeslikethese,theWFPhashelpedmorethanonebillionpeoplesinceitwassetup.Thisisbeyonddoubtanamazingachievement,butisitenough?Today,somedevelopingcountriesinAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmericastandatacrossroads.Whiletheyareseeinggreatdevelopment,theyarestillpoorerthanmanycountriesinotherpartsoftheworld,andthereisadangerthattheycouldfallfurtherbehinddevelopedcountries.Theyneedhelp,butthesadtruthisthatmerelysendingloavesofbreadisnotenough.Itisonlyashort-termsolutiontoalong-termproblem.Thereisasayingthatgoes,‗Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimfortherestofhislife.‘Inordertofindapermanentsolutiontothislong-termproblem,countriesneedtodevelopsothattheycaneithergrowthefoodtheyneed,orhaveenoughmoneytobuythisfoodontheworldmarket.Whatdevelopingcountriesreallyneedtodoistostoppovertybyfightingthecausesofit.Onewaytohelpacountrydevelopistoimproveitsinfrastructure.Theinfrastructureofacountryiswhatmakeseverythingrunwell,anditincludesthingsliketransport,irrigation,electricity,telephones,andschools.Thesethingsprovideaframeworkfornewjobstobecreated,allowingpeopletohelpthemselvessothattheynolongerneedtodependonothers.Anotherwaytohelpacountryisthroughthedevelopmentofprivateenterprisealongwithjobtraininginordertoaddresstheproblemofunemployment.Forexample,inAfghanistan,housewivesandwindowshavebeentaughttosewclothing,whichtheycansellforextraincome.IneasternNigeria,youngpeoplearebeingtrainedtousecomputertechnologytodeveloptheirproblem-solvingandcommunicationskills,andtofindnewoccupationsinthefieldoftechnology.InSouthAfrica,acommunityprogrammeisprovidingtrainingandhelpforpeoplewithoutjobsorhomes,sothattheycanlearntomakeworksofarttoselltotourists.Althoughthisisabitdifferentfromconventionalbusinesses,theprogrammeisgrowingfast,andmanypeoplehavebeenquitesuccessfulinit.Finally,wemustremembertha...
