语言学教程复习题与答案(第七章)SociolinguisticsI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.2.Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.3.Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.4.Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.5.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.6.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.7.Functionalspeechvarietiesareknownasregionaldialects.8.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.10.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.17.Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t.18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc________.22.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanad__________varietyofalanguage.24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep_______.25.Socialvariationgivesrisetos_________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.26.S_______variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationaloro________languageofacountry.28.Thestandardlanguageisas_________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,orv_______languages.30.Apidgintypicallylacksini_______morphemes.31.Linguistictabooreflectss_________taboo.32.Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes,emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnol_________basis.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:33._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlangu...
