语法 grammar 句法 syntax 构造 structure 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词 simple word派生词 derivative复合词 compound词性 part of speech名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 一般名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 详细名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 感慨词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词