小学英语基础知识 必备 第一部分:基础知识 1.字母:26 个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU 12 个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ] 双元音(8 个)合口双元音(5 个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中双元音(3 个) [iə][εə][uə] 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词 4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数一般状况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bagsc) 不以 s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes并列名词中,假如把 ’s 加在最终一种名词后,表达共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表达所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表达无生命东西的名词一般用“ of +名词”来表达所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China第二部分:语法知识二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类: (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用 an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting b...