Management Glindex (Stephen P. Robbins ＆ Mary Coulter)（Eighth Edition) (英汉对比) 管理学原理双语组编写2024 年 3 月Chapter 1 Management and Organizations1、Manager：管理者Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals .管理者是这样的人,他通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织目标的目的。2、First—line managers :基层管理者 Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are involved With the production or the organization’s products是管理着非管理人员所从事的生产和提供组织产品的工作，是最低层的管理者3、Middle managers :中层管理者Mangers between the first—line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers处于基层和高层之间，管理着基层管理者。4、Top manager ：高层管理者Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.处于或接近组织顶层,承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。5、Management :管理The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people管理是一个通过协调工作活动以便能够有效率和有效果地同别人一起或通过别人实现组织目标。6、Efficiency : 效率 Getting the most output from the least amount of inputs referred to as “doing right things”是指以尽可能少的投入获得尽可能多的产品，“通常指正确的做事“，即不浪费资源。7、Effectiveness :效果Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained referred to as “doing the right things”通常指“做正确的事“，即所从事的工作和活动有利于组织达到目标.8、Planning : 计划Management function that involves the process of defining goals ， establish...
