几个冬小麦品种（系）主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力初探

几个冬小麦品种（系）主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力初探为了探寻不同品种的冬小麦的主要农艺性状的配合力，和杂交后代的遗传力之间的关系，以便于为杂交育种选取性状优良的亲本小麦品种，提供更多优良杂交组合。在导师的带领下，我们选出了五个区的小麦做母本高产，区试代号分别记作 QM1-7、QM1-9、QM2-1、QM2-3、QM2-9，这五个小麦品种分别具有高产量，高抗旱、株型紧凑的特点，是做母本材料的理想品种。与此同时，我们选取了烟农 19、鲁麦 21、烟农 836、菏麦 17、垦星一号作为父本。采用 5×5 不完全双列杂交法对冬小麦品种（系）共 25 个杂交组合，并对小麦亲本和杂交出的品种的株高，结实小穗，穗粒数，千粒重，单株产量等几个性状进行了测量记录，并测定和分析各个性状的配合力方差及效应值。亲本组中的恳星 19、烟农19、QM2-9、QM2-1 都是数据比较理想的亲本小麦品种，可以重点观察培养；杂交组合中的表现出理想状态的亲本组合有（QM2-1×烟农 19）（QM2-1×鲁麦 21）（QM2-1×菏麦17）（QM2-1×垦星一号）共四个。通过对母本、父本自己的配合力，和杂交后代的性状遗传力的研究与分析，对正确选育父本和母本杂交品种，提高选育效率，节约育种工作所用的时间等具有重要作用。关键词：冬小麦；农艺性状；配合力；遗传力Wheat varieties of main agronomic traits combining ability and heritabilityAbstract:In order to explore the relationship between combining ability of main agronomic traits of different varieties of winter wheat and heredity of hybrid offspring, more hybrid combinations were provided for the selection of parent wheat varieties with good traits for hybrid breeding. Under the guidance of our tutor, we selected five wheat varieties with high yield as the mother plant. The test codes of the five wheat varieties are QM1-7, QM1-9, QM2-1, QM2-3 and QM2-9, which have the characteristics of high yield, high drought resistance and compact plant type, and are the ideal varieties for the mother plant. At the same time, we selected the tobacco farmer 19, lumai 21, tobacco farmer 836, he-mai 17, Ken xing 1 as the fa...