论动物法律人格之否定(上)

论动物法律人格之否定(上)——兼论动物之法律“物格”杨立新、朱呈义 关键词: 动物/法律人格/权利主体/法律物格/动物保护 animals; legal personality; right subject; legal object; animals’ protection 内容提要: 随着《德国民法典》第 90a 条的修正，“动物不是物”的规定对整个法学界带来了巨大的冲击，另有环境伦理学有关动物成为权利主体主张的提出，似乎动物的传统法律地位面临着危机，动物取得人格权，成为权利主体的现实就在面前。真的能够这样吗?其实，环境伦理学的主张并不能等同于法律学的主张，法律人格的扩张无法扩张至动物，奥地利、德国、瑞士等国民法典的修正主旨也不是赋予动物以法律人格。当然，在当前形势下，对动物的法律保护必须加强，在民法中应当将其作为一类特殊的物来对待，在法律规则的适用上应当有别于普通物。这就是本文的主旨。 With the remedy of 90a clause in the German civil code, the clause that animals are not things has led to much influence in the world of law. What’s more, in environmental ethics some advocate that animals are right subject, which seems that animals’ traditional status would change and animals would get personal right as right subject. Will this come true? Actually the view in environmental ethics don’t equal with the view in the law, and the expansion of legal personality can’t be extended to animals, and the relevant remedies of the civil codes in Austria, German, Switzerland have no purpose of animals’ legal personality. Certainly animals’ protection must be strengthened under current situation, and we think animals should be treated as a kind of special res in civil law and have different rules with ordinary res. 随着环境伦理学的发展，有关动物成为权利主体的主张渐次增多，而且有些已不再止于言论，而是已付诸于所谓的“动物解放运动”，更要求在法律层面实现动物的权利。对此，法律人做出了不同的取向，有的也加入了为动物的权利鼓与呼的行列，仿佛法学界面临着一次颠覆式变革。对于动物权利的种种主张，归根还在于动物是否具有法律...