1地理GEOGRAPHYgeography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线,经线parallel平行圈,纬线latitude经度longitude纬度elevation海拔altitude高度horizon地平线equator赤道Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险navigation航海topography地形,地形学continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架continentaldrift大陆漂移说plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴文档来自于网络搜索oasis(沙漠)绿洲cleft(flaw)裂缝crevice(rift;slit)裂缝summit山顶range(山)脉valley峡谷gorge峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡marine(maritime;oceanic)海的tide潮汐ebb(away)退潮sea-floorspreading海床扩展oceanbottom海床coastland沿海地区contour轮廓;海岸线continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛insular海岛的文档来自于网络搜索islet小岛peninsular半岛ledge暗礁remote-sensing遥感的terrain地域terrestrial地球的,陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁文档来自于网络搜索subterranean(underground)地底下evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度sedi