Unit 4 Films and film events在电影制作初期，人们就开始使用动物作为演员，但有时会伤害动物。The American Humane Association 在保护电影制作中的动物方面一直在努力。Animals have been used ， and sometimes abused ， in moviemaking since the early days of the industry.However, the American Humane Association has worked for many years to protect animals in films.And ， the digital age might make animal actors unnecessary.The film Dolphin Tale tells about a dolphin that loses her tail because of an injury from a crabtrap.A doctor provides her with an artificial(人造的) tail that saves her life.The film is based on a real event.And the star of the film, Winter, is a real dolphin that lost her tail.The American Humane Society worked with the movie’s makers to make sure Winter stayed safe and healthy during filming.The animal protection group does this for all animal actors in America.A thick book of rules and guidelines tells Hollywood moviemakers how to treat animals.Karen Rosa leads the American Humane Society’s film and television group.He said，“Everything from the smallest insect to the largest mammal(哺乳动物) shall be protected.We believe that for the sake of entertainment, everybody should go home alive.”This was not always the policy in the early days of film.In 1939，a horse was forced off a mountain，falling to his death，in the movie Jesse James.The next year, guidelines were established to guarantee safe and healthy conditions for animals in movies.The film Rise of the Planet of the Apes tells about the creation of super intelligent apes(猿) through science.However，no real animals were among the performers.Computer generated imagery provided the chimpanzees ， gorillas and orangutans that movie goers see.Clar...
