高中英语 Unit 3 The world online Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing学案 牛津译林版选修7-牛津版高二选修7英语学案

Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing助动词动词根据其含义和句子功能可分为实义动词(Notional Verbs)和助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)。实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语，而助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。试比较：The boy does his homework every day. 那个男孩每天都做家庭作业。does 为实义动词，作谓语，是 do 的第三人称单数一般现在时形式。The boy doesn’t do his homework on Saturday evenings. 那个男孩星期六晚上不做家庭作业。does 为助动词，不能独立作谓语，doesn’t 与实义动词 do 一起构成第三人称单数一般现在时的否定形式。助动词常与实义动词一起用来构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构以表达说话人的各种情态。助动词可分为时态助动词、do 助动词和情态助动词三种。情态助动词又称作情态动词。一、助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be, do, have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句助动词短语(半助动词)be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be supposed to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to 在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词shall, will, should，would无意义，主要用来构成将来时二、助动词的功能功能例句表示时态He is singing.He was married.表示语态He was sent to England.构成疑问句Do you like senior high school life?Had you finished your homework before you came here？与否定副词 not 合用，构成否定句I don’t like him.加强语气He did know that.三、助动词的用法1．时态助动词时态助动词有 be, have, will/would, shall/should，可以用来构成各种时态、语态和语气。This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. 这个有趣的表演将会取悦每一个人，无论是年轻人还是老者。I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend many more in the coming years.我一直都很喜欢你组织的所有活动，我也希望能在未来几年参加更多这样的活动。They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. 他们等着看班上其他同学会做些什么。He did not compromise easily, but...