英语词法专题讲座十二：主谓一致一．就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home. 2. 在倒装句和 there be 句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There ______(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday. 二．意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入 along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including 等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month. 2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.3. “…+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here ______(be) clean.80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America.Half of the apples ______(be) red.4. 词组“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year. 5. 英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class 等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl. My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming. 三．整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。When to leave _____(have) not been decided.Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes. ...
