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FreeasinFreedom(2.0):RichardStallmanandtheFreeSoftwareRevolutionFreeasinFreedom(2.0):理查德·斯托曼与自由软件运动SamWilliamsSecondeditionrevisionsbyRichardM.Stallman萨姆·威廉姆斯第二版：理查德·斯托曼修订版iThisisFreeasinFreedom2.0:RichardStallmanandtheFreeSoft-wareRevolution,arevisionofFreeasinFreedom:RichardStallman’sCrusadeforFreeSoftware.本书是《FreeasinFreedom2.0：理查德·斯托曼与自由软件运动》，这是《FreeasinFreedom：理查德·斯托曼的自由软件的运动》一书的修订本。Copyright©2002,2010SamWilliamsCopyright©2010RichardM.StallmanPermissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheGNUFreeDocumentationLicense,Version1.3oranylaterversionpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation;withnoInvariantSections,noFront-CoverTexts,andnoBack-CoverTexts.Acopyofthelicenseisincludedinthesectionentitled“GNUFreeDocumentationLicense.”PublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation51FranklinSt.,FifthFloorBoston,MA02110-1335USAISBN:9780983159216ThecoverphotographofRichardStallmanisbyPeterHinely.ThePDP-10photographinChapter7isbyRodneyBrooks.Thephoto-graphofSt.IGNUciusinChapter8isbyStianEikeland.封面上理查德·斯托曼的照片由PeterHinely提供。第7章中PDP-10照片由RodneyBrooks提供。第8章中圣·IGNUcius的照片由StianEikeland提供。目录ForewordbyRichardM.StallmanvPrefacebySamWilliams萨姆·威廉姆斯的前言ix1ForWantofaPrinter从一台打印机说起122001:AHacker’sOdyssey黑客路漫漫253APortraitoftheHackerasaYoungMan黑客正年少494ImpeachGod逆天行道，选举上帝755PuddleofFreedom自由一隅1236TheEmacsCommuneEmacs公社1637AStarkMoralChoice道分左右义无旁支1918St.Ignucius圣·Ignucius237iii9TheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseGNU通用公共许可证26710GNU/LinuxGNU/Linux31111OpenSource开源33912ABriefJourneythroughHackerHell开往黑客地狱的短暂旅途37113ContinuingtheFight斗争仍在继续383EpiloguefromSamWilliams:CrushingLoneliness萨姆·威廉姆斯跋语：粉碎孤独407AppendixA–Hack,Hackers,andHacking附录A–黑客的三层含义445AppendixB–GNUFreeDocumentationLicense461ForewordbyRichardM.Stallman理查德·斯托曼的前言IhaveaimedtomakethiseditioncombinetheadvantagesofmyknowledgeandWilliams’interviewsandoutsideviewpoint.ThereadercanjudgetowhatextentIhaveachievedthis.IreadthepublishedtextoftheEnglisheditionforthefirsttimein2009whenIwasaskedtoassistinmakingaFrenchtranslationofFreeasinFreedom.Itcalledformorethansmallchanges.Manyfactsneededcorrection,butdeeperchangeswerealsoneeded.Williams,anon-programmer,blurredfundamentaltechnicalandlegaldistinctions,suchasthatbetweenmodifyinganexistingprogram’scode,ontheonehand,andimplementingsomeofitsideasinanewprogram,ontheother.Thus,thefirsteditionsaidthatbothGosmacsandGNUEmacsweredevelopedbymodifyingtheoriginalPDP-10Emacs,whichinfactneitheronewas.Likewise,itmistakenlyde-scribedLinuxasa“versionofMinix.”SCOlatermadethesamefalsevviFOREWORDBYRICHARDM.STALLMANclaiminitsinfamouslawsuitagainstIBM,andbothTorvaldsandTanenbaumrebuttedit.Thefirsteditionoverdramatizedmanyeventsbyprojectingspuri-ousemotionsintothem.Forinstance,itsaidthatI“allbutshunned”Linuxin1992,andthenmadea“adramaticabout-face”bydecidingin1993tosponsorDebianGNU/Linux.Bothmyinterestin1993andmylackofinterestin1992werepragmaticmeanstopursuethesameend:tocompletetheGNUsystem.ThelaunchoftheGNUHurdkernelin1990wasalsoapragmaticmovedirectedatthatsameend.Forallthesereasons,manystatementsintheoriginaleditionweremistakenorincoherent.Itwasnecessarytocorrectthem,bu...