六、非谓语动词非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing 形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式（to do）△△△△△△过去分词(done)△△△△注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking 一般说来；frankly speaking 坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into consideration 考虑到……；to tell you the truth 说实话；seeing...考虑到……；supposing 假设，如果；providing如果；given 考虑到，鉴于；provided that 如果非谓语动词的形式变化非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加 not或 never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或 sb’s doing作主语要用sb’s doing在前加 not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doingsb’s not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加 not在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。一、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是 He will come visit you， 而是 He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式 to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析：stood 是与 sat 并列的谓语。非谓语语法功能的比较做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish , ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, e scape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get ...
