2013高考英语 冲刺讲义五 动词的时态和语态

五、动词的时态和语态1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以 do 为例）名称构成用法一般现在时do/does,( 连系动词 is/am/are )1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以 here,there 开头的句子里，go,come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。一般过去时did,( 连系动词was/were)表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。现在进行时is/am/are doing1.表示正在进行的动作。2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。过去进行时was/were doing1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.—She knows a ...