2013 高考英语:(09)二轮语法学案(非谓语动词)(训练题配答案或解析)本单元的语法是复习非谓语动词,主要复习动词不定式和动名词的被动语态。(一)动词不定式的被动语态1.当不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑上的主语(句子中的某一名词或代词)有动宾关系时,用被动式。 eg: It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. (“我”是“被邀请的”)承蒙邀请到此讲话,深感荣幸。 The date is expected to be announced soon. (“日期”“被宣布”)预计日期会很快被宣布。 但有时,不定式的逻辑主语在句子中不出现,只要在意义上是被动的,就用被动式。 eg: To。be attacked by the enemy is a good thing,not a bad thing.受到敌人的攻击是件好事.而不是坏事。2.在有些情况下不定式的被动意义用主动形式表示。 (1)当不定式与其逻辑上的主语有动宾关系,而同时与另一名词(代词)又有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 eg: Give him some books to tead.给他些书读。 (“read”与“books”为动宾关系,而与“him”为主谓关系) I’ll show you right path to take.(“take”与“path”为动宾关系,而与“you"为主谓关系) (2)但如果只存在动宾关系,而与其他名词(代词)无逻辑上的主谓关系时,就仍用被动式。 eg: All the people in the city were noW talking about the wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money.对于国王定制的漂亮衣服花了这么多钱,城市里的所有人正在议论纷纷。 “weave"与“which"即“cloth"为动宾关系,与句子中其他名(代)词不存在任何关系。(3)在 there be 句型中,不定式可用主动式,也可用被动式。 eg: There is no time to Iose(一 to be lOSt).没有时间了。 There are still many things to deal with(一 to be dealt with).仍有许多事需要处理。 但有时候两种形式表达的意义有差别。 eg: There is nothing to do now.(一 We have nothing to do now.)现在没事干。 There is not’hing to be done noW.(一 We can do nothing now.)现在没法干。(4)当句子中出现下列形容词:light,heavy,hard,difficult,easy,good,nice,bad,expensive,cheap,comfortable,fit,interesting,pleasant,bitter,dangerous,impor tant 等...