Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·黄冈市高三质量检测)Oneofthethingsthatmakesyoursmartphonesosmartisthatifyoupullitoutinthesun,itsensesthat—anddialsupthescreenbrightnesstocompensate.Butit'snotaperfectsolution.“Firstofall,it'sstillnotbrightenough—youhavetorememberhowrespectablesunlightis.”saidShinTsonWu,aphysicistattheUniversityofCentralFlorida.Theotherproblem,hesaysofthebrightenedscreen,isitkillsthebattery.SoWuandcolleagueshaveproducedabatterysparingalternative:anantireflectivescreencoating,basedontheeyesofmoths.“Natureissorich!Wecanlearnalotfromnature.”ThethingWuandothershavelearnedaboutmotheyes,isthatthey'reuneven,dottedwithtinyprojections.Thatunevensurfacereducesthereflectionoflightofftheireyes—thoughttohelpthebugsescapepredators(捕食者),andseebetterinlowlight.SoWuandhisteambuiltasimilarsurfacewithtinydimples(凹),tocutdownonglare.Hesaysthedimpledcoatingcouldimprovethereadabilityofascreenbyfiveto10times,comparedtoanormalsmartphonescreen.ThedetailsareinthejournalOptica.Thetechhasn'tbeencommercializedyet,andthatcouldtakeafewyears,whichgivesresearcherstimetotakeadvantageofanotherpropertyofthesesurfaces:they'reflexible,meaningthepossibilityofbendabledisplays.Combinethatwiththebendybatterieswereportedoninarecentpodcast(播客),anditlooksthesmartphonesofthefuturecouldbesetforarealtransformation.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。飞蛾眼睛的凹凸不平激发了研究者开发一种未来可能会变形的手机屏幕。1．Whydotheresearchersdeveloptheantireflectivescreencoating?A．Tobrightenthescreen.B．Tomakeprofits.C．Totakeinthesunlight.D．Tosavetheuseofbattery.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theotherproblem,hesaysofthebrightenedscreen,isitkillsthebattery.SoWuandcolleagueshaveproducedabatterysparingalternative:anantireflectivescreencoating.”可知为了节约电池的使用而开发的这种抗反射屏幕涂层。2．Whatinspiredtheinventionofthescreen?A．Thepredators.B．Thereflectionoflight.C．Theeyesofmoths.D．Thesmoothsurface.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“SoWuandcolleagueshaveproduced...basedontheeyesofmoths.”可知是飞蛾的眼睛激发了研究者的灵感。3．Howdoesthescreenwork?A．Ithelpsbugsescape.B．Itslowsdownreading.C．Thesmoothsurfaceprotectsoureyes.D．Theroughsurfacedecreasesthereflectionoflight.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第三、四句“Thatunevensurfacereducesthereflectionoflightofftheireyes—thoughttohelpthebugsescapepredators(捕食者),andseebetterinlowlight.SoWuandhisteambuiltasimilarsurfacewithtinydimples(凹),tocutdownonglare.”可知是这种手机屏幕凹凸不平的表面减少了光的反射。4．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthescreen?A．It'lltransformitself.B．It'llbeenvironmentfriendly.C．It'llreachconsumerssoon.D．It'llbepoweredbyrecyclablebatteries.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they'reflexible,meaningthepossibilityofbendabledisplays”可推知，研究者期望这款屏幕能够变形。(2020·河北衡水中学高三第一次联考)Theworld'sfirsthydrogenpoweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersMondayinGermany'snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeaminGermanyandFrancecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollutionproducingdiesel(柴油)trains.TheCoradiaiLintisdesignedt...
