高考英语一轮复习 第1编 话题五 Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists课时作业（含解析）试题VIP免费

Unit1Greatscientists课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代数)courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美国宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.ButhermostwellknownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhardnosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家NancyRoman传奇的一生。文章旨在告诉我们坚持自己的梦想，你一定会成为你想成为的那个人！1．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知在中学时当NancyRoman请求批准再参加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语？”可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。2．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。3．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969.B．In1979.C．In1990.D．In2000.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知选B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebecomeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhardnosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告诉我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。(2020·安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)DrJohnWilkinswasanaturalphilosopherwholivedfrom1614until1672.Hewascrazyaboutgettingtothemoonandmeetingthepeoplewhosurelylivedthere.WilkinsbelievedthatanythingasEarthlikeasthemoonmusthavebeencreatedbyGodforlivingbeings,andhewasdeterminedtomeetthem—despitethefactthathewasthreecenturiesaheadofhistime.Inthe1600s,t...