《Shipping-related Terms 航运有关术语》A. 承运人Shipping Lines 航运公司Common carriers 公共承运人OCC Ocean Common Carrier 远洋公共承运人VOCC Vessel-Operating Common Carrier 船舶承运人Vessel Sharing Carriers 共用舱位承运人NVOCC 无船承运人Master NVOCC 主装无船承运人Tendering NVOCC 交运货物的无船承运人Contract NVOCC 签约无船承运人MTO Multi-modal Transport Operator 多式联运经营人An MTO deals with all matters in relation to the conveyance of cargoentrusted to him from the point of shipment to the place of delivery,documentation and arrangements with sub-contractors at variousbreaking points to facilitate expeditious movement of cargo. In mostcases it is necessary for him to appoint agents or correspondents atvarious points or even maintain subsidiary concerns at importanttransshipping points to attend to all the work necessary in connectionwith the movement of cargo. He assumes responsibility for theperformance of the contract.MTO Marine Terminal Operator 海运码头经营者Vessel Operation MTO 经营多式联运的船舶承运人NVO-MTO may be a road operator/rail operator/airline operator/freight forwarder 不营运船舶的多式联运经营人Controlled Carrier 受控承运人Rates must be “just and reasonable” – compensatory.运价必须是”公正的和合理的“－具有补偿性的30 days notice required to increase or reduce tariff rates.运价的上涨和下调登记 30 天后生效Conference Carrier 公会承运人Independent carriers 独立承运人9th largest carrier serving the US 美线第 9 大承运人Consortium ( Group of carriers pooling resources in a trade lane to maximize their resources effectively ) 联盟Alliance 联盟Ｂ. 竞争Competitors 竞争对手Player 竞争参加者（对手）Foreclose from 。。排斥在外To preserve legitimate competition among all common carriers保持公共承运人之间的合法竞争C. 运输模式、网络Transportation Network 运输网络Pendulum...
