摘 要电力开关作为连接元件在电力电子系统中使用十分广泛，传统开关一般采纳机械元件实现电路的分合，在操作过程中易产生电弧和冲击电流。而智能开关是结合电力电子技术和微机技术的一种新型开关，能够通过自动检测，实现电源监控和系统保护的功能。本文将介绍以 AVR 高性能 8 位单片机 Atmega8 为控制核心，传感器和电力电子元件相结合的智能开关的硬件组成及工作原理。并且详细介绍如何实现沟通吸合直流维持，如何通过沟通电压和电流信号采集，计算出沟通电压和电流的有效值、电网频率、周期、相位角、功率因数、视在功率、有功功率和无功功率等全部的电力参数。通过软件编程实现了对开关的智能控制，能够实行相应的过流、欠压、过热、漏电等保护措施。在本设计中，除了在子机上也设置了由键盘组合和液晶显示模块组成的人机交互接口以便在现场进行调试和参数的设定，还配有 RS-485 通信接口，可与上位计算机机通信，实现电源的集中监控、集中管理。最后还提出应用智能开关技术还有待进一步讨论的问题。关键词：智能开关 单片机 传感器 Inventing Intelligence SwitchBase on Single-chip MicrocomputerAbstractSwitching power as connectivity components in power electronic systems used very widely, Switches generally use the traditional mechanical components to achieve the division circuit, in the course of operating easily arc and hit Current. Intelligent Switch combines the power electronics and computer technology as a new type of switch, through automatic detection, Implementation Supervisory and system protection functions. This article introduces a high-performance 8 AVR microcontroller Atmega8 to control the core, sensors and power electronics components combining the intelligent switch hardware and operating principle. And how detailed pull-AC DC maintained through the AC voltage and current signals collection, calculated AC voltage and current RMS, power frequency, periodicity, phase angle, power factor, apparent power, active and reactive power of the electricity and all other parameters. Through s...
