外文原文The Diesel EngineIn 1892 Rudolf Diesel developed and obtained the German patent f or the diesel engi His goal was to createan engine thatwas highlyefficienMuch more efficientthan the gasoline engine that was invented in 1876 and was not very efficient at all, especiall point in time. There are two main differences between a diesel engine and a gasoline e (1) A gasoline engine intakes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and ignites the witha spark.A dieselenginetakesin justair,compresses itand then injectfuelintothe compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel spAngasoouney. (2) engine compresses at a ratio of 8:1 to 12:1, while a diesel engine compresses at a rati to as high as 25:1.The highercompressionratioof the dieselengine leadsto bettejefficiencgasoline engines use either a carburetor or a fuel injection system to deliver the fuel to the With a carburetor the f uel is mixed as i t enters the intake manifold, long bef ore i t g cylindersIn a fuelinjectiosiystem thefuelis injectedustbeforethe intakestrokeat the intake valve.Dieselenginesuse directfuelinjectionDI), thatis to say the dieselfuelis injected directlynto the cylinderThe dieselengine has no spark plugs. The air it takes in is compressed and the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder where the heat caused b compression ignites the fuel. In the old days this meant that it exploded and expande quickly, making a noisy engine. This is why most diesel cars were IDI (indirect injecti rough behavior was fixed by injecting the f uel into a small pre-combustion chamber th connected to the cylinder by a narrow passage.This slows down the explosion, as the gasseseshcavpe tforom through the narrow passage into th...
