阜阳职业技术学院生化工程学院退伍军人培训之园林工程测量与放样讲义生化工程学院二○一四年一月一日目录第一章水准测量........................................................................................................1第一节水准测量概念............................................................................................1第二节水准测量原理............................................................................................3第三节水准测量的仪器和工具............................................................................51.3.1水准仪............................................................................................................51.3.2三角架............................................................................................................91.3.3水准尺............................................................................................................91.3.4尺垫..............................................................................................................10第四节水准仪的使用步骤——以微倾水准仪为例..........................................111.4.1测站位置的确定..........................................................................................111.4.2测站的仪器放置..........................................................................................111.4.3粗平..............................................................................................................111.4.4在测点位置放置水准尺..............................................................................121.4.5照准目标......................................................................................................121.4.6精平..............................................................................................................131.4.7读数..............................................................................................................13第五节水准路线及成果检核..............................................................................141.5.1转点与测点..................................................................................................141.5.2水准路线......................................................................................................15第二章角度测量......................................................................................................19第一节角度测量基本原理..................................................................................192.1.1水平角测量基本原理..................................................................................192.1.2竖直角测量基本原理..................................................................................19第二节角度测量仪器—经纬仪..........................................................................212.2.1经纬仪的分类..............................................................................................21第三节电子经纬仪的基本操作-以全站仪为例...............................................232.3.1全站仪简介..................................................................................................232.3.2全站仪角度观测步骤..................................................................................23第四节水平角的观测方法..................................................................................282.4.1测回...
