工程管理专业英语专业版VIP免费

第1页共12页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共12页9.1第一段Constructionplanningisafundamentalandchallengingactivityinthemanagementandexecutionofconstructionprojects.Itinvolvesthechoiceoftechnology,thedefinitionofworktasks,theestimationoftherequiredresourcesanddurationsforindividualtasks,andtheidentificationofanyinteractionsamongthedifferentworktasks.Agoodconstructionplanisthebasisfordevelopingthebudgetandthescheduleforwork.Developingtheconstructionplanisacriticaltaskinthemanagementofconstruction,eveniftheplanisnotwrittenorotherwiseformallyrecorded.Inadditiontothesetechnicalaspectsofconstructionplanning,itmayalsobenecessarytomakeorganizationaldecisionsabouttherelationshipsbetweenprojectparticipantsandevenwhichorganizationstoincludeinaproject.Forexample,theextentwhichsub-constructionwillbeusedonaprojectisoftendeterminedduringconstructionplanning.在施工项目的管理和执行中，施工计划是一项基本的并且具有挑战性的活动。它涉及到技术的选择，工作任务的定义、每一个任务所需资源和维持时间的估算，以及不同工作任务之间相互作用的识别等工作。一个好的施工计划是制定工作计划和工作进度的基础。确定施工计划是管理当中的一项重要工作，即使这个施工计划不是书面的或其他正式记录的形式。除了施工计划技术层面的问题之外，项目组织关于项目参与方之间的沟通和联系所作出的有管决策也是十分重要的。例如，分包商在一个项目中所承担的范围通常是在施工计划期间决定的。四Indevelopingaconstructionplan,itiscommontoadoptaprimaryemphasisoneithercostcontroloronschedulecontrolasillustratedinFig.9-1.Someprojectsareprimarilydividedintoexpensecategorieswithassociatedcosts.Inthesecases,constructionplanningiscostorexpenseoriented.Withinthecategoriesofexpenditure,adistinctionismadebetweencostsincurreddirectlyintheperformanceofanactivityandindirectlyfortheaccomplishmentoftheproject.Forexample,borrowingexpensesforprojectfinancingandProjectManagementforConstruction:ConstructionPlanningoverheaditemsarecommonlytreatedasindirectcosts.Forotherprojects,schedulingofworkactivitiesovertimeiscriticalandisemphasizedintheplanningprocess.Inthiscase,theplannerinsuresthattheproperprecenesamongactivitiesaremaintainedandthatefficientschedulingoftheavailableresourcesprevails.Traditionalschedulingproceduresemphasizethemaintenanceoftaskprecedences(resultingincriticalpathschedulingprocedures)orefficientuseofresourcesovertime(resultinginjobshopschedulingprocedures).Finally,mostcomplexprojectsrequireconsiderationofbothcostandschedulingovertime,sothatplanning,monitoringandrecordkeepingmustconsiderbothdimensions.Inthesecases,theintegrationofscheduleandbudgetinformationisamajorconcern.Inthischapter,weshallconsiderthefunctionalrequirementsforconstructionplanningsuchastechnologychoice,workbreakdown,andbudgeting.Constructionplanningisnotanactivitywhichisrestrictedtotheperiodaftertheawardofacontractforconstruction.Itshouldbeanessentialactivityduringthefacilitydesign.Also,ifproblems第2页共12页第1页共12页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共12页ariseduringconstruction,re-planningisrequired在制定一项施工计划时，通常在成本控制或进度控制中采用如图9-1所示的主要的重点。一些项目被主要地分为费用类别以及相关成本。在这些情况下，施工计划是成本或费用导向的。在划分支出类别时，我们将对执行一项活动所发生的直接成本和整个项目完成所需的间接成本予以特殊的对待。例如，为项目融资而产生的借款费用和日常开支项目通常被认为是间接成...