专题限时检测(二十)阅读理解主旨大意类之全文大意题或段落大意题(加★的为全文大意题或段落大意题，本卷限时24分钟)A(2017·镇江市高三模拟考试)Thehabitformingprocesswithinourbrainsisathreesteploop(回路).First,thereisacue,atriggerthattellsyourbraintogointoautomaticmode(模式)andwhichhabittouse.Thenthereistheroutine,whichcanbephysicalormentaloremotional.Finally,thereisareward,whichhelpsyourbrainfigureoutifthisparticularloopisworthrememberingforthefuture.Overtime,thisloop—cues,routines,rewards—becomesmoreandmoreautomatic.Thecueandrewardbecomeintertwined(交织)untilapowerfulsenseofanticipationandadesireappear.Eventually,ahabitisborn.Habitsaren'tdestiny.Habitscanbeignored,changed,orreplaced.Butthereasonthediscoveryofthehabitloopissoimportantisthatitrevealsabasictruth:Whenahabitappears,thebrainstopsfullyparticipatingindecisionmaking.Itstopsworkingsohard,orshiftsfocustoothertasks.Sounlessyoudeliberatelyfightahabit—unlessyoufindnewroutines—thepatternwillunfoldautomatically.Habitsneverreallydisappear.They'reencoded(把……编码)intothestructuresofourbrain,andthat'sahugeadvantageforus,becauseitwouldbeawfulifwehadtorelearnhowtodriveaftereveryvacation.Theproblemisthatyourbraincan'ttellthedifferencebetweenbadandgoodhabits,andsoifyouhaveabadone,it'salwayslurking(蛰伏)there,waitingfortherightcuesandrewards.Thisexplainswhyit'ssohardtocreateexercisehabits,forinstance,orchangewhatweeat.Oncewedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofa,ratherthanrunning,orsnackingwheneverwepassadoughnutbox,thosepatternsalwaysremaininsideourheads.Bythesamerule,though,ifwelearntocreatenewneurological(神经系统的)routinesthatoverpowerthosebehaviors—ifwetakecontrolofthehabitloop—wecanforcethosebadtendenciesintothebackground.Andoncesomeonecreatesanewpattern,studieshavedemonstrated,goingforajogorignoringthedoughnutsbecomesasautomaticasanyotherhabit.Ofcourse,thosedecisionsarehabitual,effortless.Aslongasyourbasalganglia(基底核)iscompleteandthecuesremainconstant,thebehaviorswilloccurunthinkingly.Atthesametime,however,thebrain'sdependenceonautomaticroutinescanbedangerous.Habitsareoftenasmuchacurseasabenefit.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthehabitloopfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Ithelpsyourbrainunderstandwhatisworthremembering.B．Itisathreesteploopconsistingofacue,aroutineandareward.C．Itbecomesautomaticanddevelopsasenseofanticipationanddesire.D．Itrevealsabasictruththatthepatternofahabitwillunfoldautomatically.解析：选B细节理解题。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第一段中的“Thehabitformingprocesswithinourbrainsisathreesteploop(回路)．First，thereisacue...Thenthereistheroutine...Finally,thereisareward”可知，习惯形成的过程是一个三步走的回路，分别是：提示、惯例和奖励。故选B项。2．Theadvantageofhabitsneverreallydisappearingisthat________.A．wecaneasilychangewhatweeatB．wedeveloparoutineofsittingonthesofaC．wedon'tnecessarilylearnaskillagainD．wecandistinguishbetweenbadandgoodhabits解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，从未真正消失的习惯会被编入我们的大脑结构中，正是得益于此，我们不必重新学习一门技能。故选C项。3．WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceinParagraph4?A．Habitscanbechangedandreplaced.B．Habitscannotbeignoredorcreated.C．Oldpatternsalwaysexistinourbrain.D．Newpatternsseldomremaininourheads.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，研究表明，一旦有人创造了新的模式，慢跑或忽视甜甜圈就变得和任何其他的习惯一样自动化了。由此可推断，习惯可以...
