高考英语二轮复习 专题限时训练 科普知识型阅读理解（2）VIP免费

[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)Ahugecloudofdustroseandanoverpassdisappeared.ThiswasthesceneinZhuzhou,HunanProvinceonMay17.Ninepeoplewerekilledandsixteeninjured.Thingsweresimilarin2008intheSichuanearthquake.Thousandsofpeoplewereburiedintheruinsandlosttheirlives.Whatifwecouldhavewarnedthem?Peoplearealwaysracking_their_brainstofindawayofpreventingbuildings'collapse.Bettermaterialsandtechnologieshelp,buttheyarenotasolution.Justlikehumans,abuildinghasitsownlifecyclefrom“birth”to“death”．Ifweknowwhenabuildingisgoingtocollapse,wecanrepairitinadvanceorgetoutofitbeforeitfalls.Now,scientistsattheUniversityofIllinoishavedevelopedamaterialthatturnsredbeforeitbreaks.Theinventioncouldbeusedinthingslikeclimbingropesorbridgesupports.TheresearchwasledbyNancySottos,aprofessorattheuniversity'sBeckmanInstitute,andDouglasDavis,agraduateresearchassistant.Thesecretbehindthecolourchangingmaterialisatypeofmolecule(分子)．Amoleculeisagroupofatomsheldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Imagineyouandyourfriendsstandinacircle,holdinghands.Eachpersonstandsforoneatom;yourhandsrepresentthebonds，andtheentirecirclerepresentsamolecule.Ifonepersonletsgoofhisorherhands,themoleculechangescolour.Theresearchteamputthemoleculeintoasoftmaterial.Whentheresearchersstretchedthematerial,itturnedbrightredforafewsecondsbeforeitbrokeintotwopieces.Whentheyrepeatedlystretchedandrelaxedthematerial，withoutbreakingit,itonlyturnedalittlered.Themajorproblemisthatlightcangetridoftheredcolour.Whentheteamshonebrightlightonthemolecule,thebrokenbondwasfixed,andthecolourdisappeared.Ifthebrightlightkeepstheredcolourfromappearing,thematerial'swarningsystemwillbeuseless.Scientistsstillhavealotofworktodobeforethecolourchangingmoleculescanbeusedoutsidethelab.1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlyintroduce?A．ThecollapseofanoverpassinZhuzhou,HunanProvince.B．TheSichuanearthquake.C．Amaterialthatturnsredbeforeitbreaks.D．Awayofpreventingbuildingsfromcollapsing.2．Theunderlinedwords“rackingtheirbrains”inthethirdparagraphmean“________”．A．sufferingalotB．collectingbeyondimaginationC．losingalotD．thinkingveryhard3．WhichofthefollowingisaWRONGstatement?A．ThousandsofpeoplediedfromthecollapseofbuildingsintheSichuanearthquakebecausetheyhadn'tbeenwarned.B．Thereisnobuildingthatwillnevercollapse.C．Anewmaterialhasbeenappliedtobuildingstowarnpeopleofcollapse.D．Acolourchangingmaterialcanturnredbeforeitbreaks.4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thecolourchangingmoleculesarecertaintobeusedoutsidethelab.B．Therewillbenocollapsewiththehelpofthecolourchangingmaterial.C．Thereisalongwaytogobeforethematerialcanbeapplied.D．Theproblemcausedbybrightlightwillbesolvedbyscientists.(二)Thesoundofamosquitocanmeantroubleinmanypartsoftheworld.Thebiteofthemosquitocanbedeadly.Theinsectscarryseriousdiseaseslikemalaria.Itisestimatedthatalmost630,000peoplediedfrommalariaandmalariarelatedcausesin2012,andmostofthesecaseswereinAfricancountries.IntheUnitedStates,agroupofCaliforniascientistsareworkingtodevelopamoreeffectiveandlesscostlysubstance(物质)toprotectpeoplefrommosquitoes.Theresearchersareinvestigatingthesenseofsmellinmosquitoes.Theyfoundtheinsectsusethesamereceptor(感受器)foridentifyingcarbondioxideinhumanbreathastheydoforthesmellofourskin.AnandasankarRay,whoisleadingtheinvestigation,saysscientiststestedmorethanamillionchemicalcompounds(化合物)untiltheyfoundasubst...