高考语法-虚拟语气讲解及练习★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供高考英语语法专题讲解-虚拟语气1虚拟条件句:1.1与现在事实不一致,其句型为:If+主语+did,主语+should(could,would,或might)+do.如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.(可倒装)Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.1.2与过去事实不一致,句型为:If+主语+had+done,主语+should(could,would,或might)+have+done.如:Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(可倒装)比较这一句:Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldbesaved.->(混合虚拟:要求根据语境判断!)1.3将来事实不一致,句型为:+do,主语+should(could,would,或might)+do.如:Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(可倒装)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(可倒装)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.(混合虚拟)P.S:1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型。1.4虚拟倒装:在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.1.5without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含虚拟(语气较为含蓄),分3种情况动词作同上的变化。1.5.1与现在事实相反:Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!1.5.2与过去事实相反:Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.2名词性虚拟语气:在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹、感叹、愿望时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,具体类型有:2.1遇到:suggest,suggestion,insist,insistence,order,demand,request,command,propose,proposal,desire,plan,idea时:——>主语+(should)+do,如:Motherinsisted(坚决要求)thatJohngotobedat9o’clock.(宾语从句)(P.S.当insist意为“坚称说”,不要虚拟语气!)Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(同位语从句)(P.S.当suggest意为“暗示,表明”,不要虚拟语气!)Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.(主语从句)Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.(表语从句)2.2①Itis+natural/necessary/important/surprising/strange/funny/extraordinary/suggusted/proposed/requested/ordered+that+主语+(should)+doItis+apity/ashame/nowonder/anhonor+that+②主语+(should)+do如:Itisstangethathe(should)gohimself.P.S.上述词只表事实,不表情感Should+do(表现在或将来)2.3主语+be+sorry/surprised/disappointed(表情感的词)+that+主语+(表过去)(这里的should意为“竟然”)如:I’msorrythatthingsshouldhavecometothis.2.4It’s(high)timethat+主语+should+do/主语+did,例如:It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.=It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.你该去上学了。(早该去了,可你没去)2.5wish后的宾语从句:与现在愿望不一致:主语+did;IwishIwereyou.与过去愿望不一致:主语+had+done;IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.与未来愿望不一致:主语+would(could)+do。IwishIcouldmetyoutomorrowattheparty.wish的感叹句:HowIwish+根据3种情况的相应句法=Ifonly(用法同wish)如:HowIwishIhadknowntheanswer.=IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer.P.S.wish+从句,表示不肯能实现的愿望,所以用虚拟语气;hope+从句,表示可能实现的愿望,不用虚拟语气2.6wouldrather/asif(though)2.6.1与现在/未来事实相反:did如:Iwouldrat...