二、过去式、过去分词、现在分词的构成规律1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义broadcastbroadcastbroadcast~广播,播放,播送burstburstburst~爆炸,突然发作costcostcost~花费cutcutcutcutting割,切hurthurthurt~受伤hithithithitting打,撞letletletletting让putputputputting放下readreadread~读ridridridridding使摆脱,使去掉setsetsetsetting安排,安置spreadspreadspread~展开,传播,涂spitspit/spatspit/spatspitting吐痰shutshutshutshutting关上,停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义beatbeatbeaten~打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义becomebecamebecomebecoming变comecamecomecoming来runranrunrunning跑overcomeovercameovercomeovercoming克服,战胜,征服4.ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词以及一些特殊变化。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned~燃烧dealdealtdealt~解决,处理,分配dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt~做梦hearheardheard~听见,听说hanghunghung~绞死,悬挂learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt~学习lightlit/lightedlit/lighted~点燃,照亮meanmeantmeant~意思是,意味着proveprovedproven/provedproving证明,证实shineshoneshoneshining使照耀,使发光showshowedshowed/shown~展示,给……看smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt~闻,嗅speedsped/speededsped/speeded~加速spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt~拼写wakewokewokenwaking醒来,叫醒,唤醒(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义buildbuiltbuilt~建筑bendbentbent~弯曲,屈服lendlentlent~借给rebuildrebuiltrebuilt~改建,重建sendsentsent~送spendspentspent~花费(3)原形→-ought→-ought动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义bringbroughtbrought~带来buyboughtbought~买fightfoughtfought~打架,战斗thinkthoughtthought~思考,想seeksoughtsought~寻找,追求,搜索(4)原形→-aught→-aught动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义catchcaughtcaught~捉,抓teachtaughttaught~教(5)变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义awakeawokeawokenawaking唤醒,唤起digdugdugdigging挖掘,搜寻feedfedfed~喂养,饲养fleefledfled~逃避,逃跑findfoundfound~发现,找到getgotgot/gottengetting得到holdheldheld~拥有,握住leadledled~引导,领导meetmetmet~遇见sitsatsatsitting坐shootshotshot~射击stickstuckstuck~刺入,粘住续表动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义strikestruckstruckstriking撞击,冲击,罢工winwonwonwinning赢,获胜(6)原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义feelfeltfelt~感到keepkeptkept~保持leaveleftleftleaving离开sleepsleptslept~睡觉sweepsweptswept~扫weepweptwept~哭泣,流泪(7)其他动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义laylaidlaid~下蛋,放置paypaidpaid~付款saysaidsaid~说,讲;表达standstoodstood~站understandunderstoodunderstood~明白loselostlostlosing失去havehadhadhaving有,持有makemademademaking制造,安排,构成sellsoldsold~卖telltoldtold~告诉retellretoldretold~重复,复述windwoundwound~缠绕,转动,迂回5.ABC(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义blowblewblown~吹风;刮;炸毁drivedrovedrivendriving驾驶drawdrewdrawn~画画,绘制;拖拽续表动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义eatateeaten~吃fallfellfallen~落下,跌倒forbidforbadeforbiddenforbidding禁止,不许givegavegivengiving给,提供;授予growgrewgrown~生长,种植forgiveforgaveforgivenforgiving原谅,饶恕knowknewknown~知道mistakemistookmistakenmistaking弄错;误解overeatoverateovereaten~(使)吃过量proveprovedproven/provedproving证明,试验taketooktakenta...