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第1页共8页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共8页inasense,methodologiesarelikecoaches—theydon’tmagicallyguaranteesuccess,buttheydoprovideprinciplesandpracticesthatcanleadtothebestsolutions.Overthenextfewmonths,thiscolumnwilldigintoEnterpriseApplicationIntegration(EAI)methodologies,examining10principlesbasedonthefiveEAIlaws(seetheJuly2002issueofeAIJournal):从某种意义上说，方法论的角色就像教练一样，它不一定能保证成功，但它所提供的准则和实践指导着最佳实践。下面将论述的10条准则源于五条EAI原理。•Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumoftheparts.整体的作用远大于个体作用的简单聚合•Thereisnoend-state.事物的发展永远没有终点•Therearenouniversalstandards.没有适用一切事物的规律•Informationadaptstomeetlocalneeds.信息需要契合实践需要•Alldetailsarerelevant.所有的现象都存在千丝万缕的关联The10principlesincludelessonslearnedfromboththestudyofotherscientificdisciplinesandpracticalexperiencesgainedfromappliedsystemintegrationactivitiesovermanyyears.They’reneithercompletenoruniversal.Experiencedpractitionersmustdecidewhichoftheprinciplesapplyinagivensituation,howtomodifythem,andwhennewonesareneeded.Thismonthwe’llstartwiththefirsttwoprinciples.这10条准则源于对其它科学规律的研究和应用整合的实践活动。他们即非完整，也非通用。有经验的实施者必须根据实际情况确定适用哪条，应做些什么修改，或使用新的准则。AlignPlanstoStrategy制定短期计划和长期策略Thesuccessfulimplementationofendtoendintegratedsolutionsisbasedonafundamentalalignmentbetweenbusinessandtechnologyalongseveraldimensions.TheCapabilityMaturityModel(CMM)forsoftware(seeFigure1)isanapproachthatcanbeappliedtootherdisciplinesrelevanttoEAI,includingthematurityofthebusinessinmanagingprocesses;theITorganizationinengineeringenterprise-levelintegrationsolutions;andthewholeorganizationintheuseofmodelsormetadatainplanningandmanagingoperations.ThesematuritymodelscanbeusedtoestablishanoveralltargetfortheorganizationandtokeepthevariousbusinessandITorganizationsinalignmentastheymovetowardthetarget.Forexample,itwouldbewasteful(ifnotimpossible)foranorganizationtoinvestinbeingatlevel3ontheEAImaturityscaleandlevel5onthemodelingmaturityscaleifitwasstillatlevel1fromthebusinessprocessmaturityperspective.Timingisanotherkeyalignmentdimension.Giventhemagnitudeandvarietyofchallengesassociatedwithachievinghighermaturitylevels,howshouldonegetstarted?Somechallengescanbetackledimmediately;otherswillrequirefundamentalchangesinorganizationalstructure,technology,andindustrymaturitythatcouldtakemanyyearstoaccomplish.Althoughnosingleapproachcanaddresseachenterprise’suniqueposition,startbyaligningplansalongthreedifferenthorizons:•Short-range(next100days):Thefocusisonadeliverabletaskplan.Developtacticalplansthataddressimmediateneedsanddeliverables.Releaseincrementalfunctionalityfrequentlyandpilotnewinitiatives.•Medium-range(next100weeks):ThefocusisonpreparingajointbusinessandITroadmap.ListallrelatedbusinessandITinitiatives,identifydependencies,andupdatetheroadmapquarterlywithatwo-yearrollingwindow.第2页共8页第1页共8页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共8页•Long-range(next100months):Thefocusisondevisingastrategicplan.Establishalong-termtargetmaturitylevel,developintegrationrequirementsandenterprisestandards,andmakepolicydecisions(addressingwhattodevelopin-houseandwhattooutsource,etc.).Theseactivitiesaregroupedbasedonh...