第三讲│任务型作文之二——写好拓展句和结尾句概括后要根据要点来写作，文章的一个段落通常包括主题句和拓展句两部分(有的还有结尾句)。其中，主题句一般位于段首，提出段落主题、确定段落发展方向及展开模式，而拓展句则用以阐述、论证、支持主题句的要点，使段落更加丰满。一般来说，围绕主题句展开拓展句的模式有以下几种：1.解释原因例如：在大城市工作有什么好处。Workinginabigcityisofcourseanexcitingthing，whichmeansbetteropportunitiesandmoreconveniences.It’seasiertofindawell-paidjoborabetterplatformtoimproveoneself.2.列举支撑点例如：我们如何做才能改善环境。Ifwewanttoimproveenvironmentthenweneedtochangethewaywebehave.Ontheonehand，weneedtobuyappliancesthataremoreenergyefficientandlimittheamountoftimeweusethem.Ontheotherhand，toreducetheeffectthegreenhousegaseshaveonouratmosphere，weshouldplantmoretrees.3.举例例如：成长环境对学生的影响。Sincestudentsarebroughtupindifferentenvironments，theywillhavedifferenthabitsandcharacters，whichwillcausemanyconflictsindailylife.Insuchcases，theseyoungsterswilloftenactimpulsively，quarrelingorevenfightingwithhisorherclassmatesbecauseofsometrivialthings.Theymaycurseeachotherwithhatredwordsorasktheirfriendstoisolatethesestudents.What’sworse，theymayfindsomeexcusestohurt，beatorevenbullythosewhohaveconflictswiththem.4.比较和对比例如：是不是越快越好？Isitthefasterthebetter?Manypeoplebelievethatthefasterthebetter，becausetheycansavetimeinthisway.However，othersincludingmeholdtheopinionthat，inmanysituations，theresultisfarlessthanbeingsatisfactoryandquiteoftengoestotheopposites.Hastemakeswaste.5.细化主题句例如：你所喜欢的体育项目对你的影响。AsfarasI’mconcerned，I’mfondofjoggingwhichisveryessentialinmylife.Ononehand，it’snotaroughsportandconvenienttodoeveryday，fromwhichIrelaxmyselfalotandrefreshmymind.Ontheotherhand，itstrengthensmysuppleness，enduranceandperseverancetodealwiththedifficultiesinmystudy.6.引出经历例如：讲述你(或你朋友)因为太多干扰而受到影响的经历。ThisremindsmeofwhathappenedwhenIenteredhighschoolasaSeniorOnestudent.Iwassoexcitedtofindthattherewerevariousstudentorganizationsandafter-classactivitiesforusstudents.Itseemedthatmanygroupsweresuitableforme.Duringthisterm，IwasattractedwhenevertherewasanoticefromastudentgroupandIwaseagertofindoutmoreaboutit.Asaresult，Ididn’tspendenoughtimeonmystudies，norcouldIsettledowntomyhomeworkeveryday.Consequently，Ifailedinanimportantexam.7.说明结果例如：你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋的看法”。Itisnecessaryforthegovernmenttoforbidshopsfromofferingfreeplasticbags.Withthisban，shoppingcustomerswouldgraduallyformahabitofbringingenvironmentally-friendlybagswiththemsothattheconsumptionofplasticbagswouldbegreatlyreduced.文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。例如“如何处理好学习和课外活动之间的关系”。Thus，inmyview，ifwefocustoomuchonanyone，eitherstudyorafter-schoolactivitieswillbenegativelyaffected.Butwiththerightbalance，bothcanimprove.2.重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。例如“我更喜欢传统购物”的结尾：Asforme，Iprefertraditionalshopping.Itisreallyfuntogointoshopsandlookatthegoodsinperson...SotraditionalshoppingisbetterthanInternetshopping.3.重申主题例如“客观分析去外地读大学的好处”的结尾：Allinall，I’mfullyconvincedthattostudyinanothercityisreallyagoodwaytoenrichone’slifeexper...
