中国的监狱制度 VIP专享VIP免费

中国的监狱制度JailSystemThePrisonLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasadoptedandwentintoforceonDecember20，1994atthe11thmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople’sCongress.RegulatoryAuthoritiesThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministration（MinistryofJustice）supervisesallprisonsacrossthecountry.TheMinistryofJusticehasaBureauofPrisonAdministrationthatsupervisesallprisonsinthecountry.Intheprovinces（municipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandautonomousregions），officesofjusticeareresponsibleformanagingprisonsintheirownjurisdictionthroughtheirprisonadministrationarms.PrisonsinChinaaredividedintotwocategories：Prisonsincarceratinginmateswhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence，lifesentenceordeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve.Maleandfemaleinmatesarewardedseparately，withfemalewardsmanagedbyfemalelawenforcementpersonnel.Prisonsmayalsobedividedintowardsforfelonsandcriminalsofmisdemeanor.Penitentiariesforjuveniledelinquents，criminalsofminoragewhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence，lifesentenceordeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve.Specialprotectionisextendedtojuveniledelinquents，withcustomizedproceduresinplacetocatertotheirneeds.PrisonSetupandStaffingThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministrationapprovestheestablishment，eliminationandrelocationofprisonsinlinewithhistorical，economicandnaturalfactors.Thisprovisionisdesignedtooptimizethedistributionofprisonsandensuretheunified，effectiveandaccurateexecutionofpenalties.Prisonsusuallyhaveonewardenandseveraldeputywardensandvariousadministrativedepartmentsandstaff.Inadditiontoadministrativeofficesandcommercialinstitutions，prisonsalsohavesanitaryandeducationfacilities.ThePrisonLawprovidesthatthemanagerialpersonnelofprisonsaremembersofthepoliceforcewhoenjoythesamelegalstatusaspublicsecurityandtrafficpolice.FinancialSystemofPrisonsThePrisonLawstatesthatthestateensuresfundingforprisonsinreforminginmates.Expensesrelatedtoprisonpolice，reformationofprisoners，dailylifeofinmates，maintenanceofprisonfacilitiesandotheritemsarebudgetedforinthecentralgovernment’splanning.Thestateprovidesproductionfacilitiesandfundingneededforprisonlabor.Land，mineralresourcesandothernaturalresourceslegallyemployedbyprisons，aswellasthepropertyofprisonsareprotectedbylaw；noentityorindividualcantrespassordamagethoseproperties.FundamentalPrinciplesArticle3ofthePrisonLawstatesthatprisonsshouldfollowtheprincipleofcombiningpenaltywithreform，educationwithlabor，inabidtoreformprisonersintolaw-abidingcitizens.1.TransformationThroughPunishmentPrisonspunishcriminalsbecause，withoutpunishment，itisdifficultforcriminalstocometogripswiththeircrimesandbegintheirlifeanew.Whilepunishmentfocusesonenforcement，reformfocusesontransformation.Punishmentisthemeans，whiletransformationistheend.Thepurposeofpunishmentistotransformcriminalsintolaw-abidingcitizens.Thisispreciselywhatcriminalpenaltiesarefor.Prisonsdonotpunishcriminalsforpunishment’ssake.2.CombiningEducationwithLaborToeffectivelyreformprisoners，itisalsonecessarytocombineeducationwithlabor.Educationcanbemultifaceted：ideological，cultural，vocationalandtechnical.ExecutionofPenaltiesLawenforcementauthoritiesimplementcriminalrulingsandjudgmentspassedbyjudicialauthoritiesthathavealreadytakeneffect，inaccordancewithlegalprocedures.Chineseprisonsexecutethe...