中国的公证制度 VIP免费

中国的公证制度Publicnotariesarepersonsaccreditedbythestatetowitnesscivilmattersforlegalpurposes.Inthepast，publicnotarieswerestateofficesrepresentingthestateinwitnessinglegalrelationsincivilmatters.Statenotaryoffices，attherequestofapplicants，notarizelegalactsandthetruthfulnessandlegalityoflegaldocumentsandfactsinordertoprotectpublicpropertyandsafeguardthelawfulrightsandinterestsofcitizens.SinceOctober1，2000，theMinistryofJusticehasimplementedaplantoreformthenotarysystem.Underthenewscheme，publicnotaryofficesarenolongeradministrativebodies；rather，theyarenon-profitentitieswithalegal-personstatusthatindependentlyconductnotarybusinesstomeetmarketdemandandassumefullresponsibilityfortheiroperations.Inthefuture，thestatewillnolongerapprovetheestablishmentofpublicnotaryofficesasadministrativebodies.PublicnotarieswillberecruitedopenlythroughexaminationsadministeredbytheMinistryofJustice.SetupofPublicNotaryOfficesPublicnotaryofficesaresetupinmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernment，counties（autonomouscounties），andcities.Subjecttoapprovalfromjudicialauthoritiesofprovinces，autonomousregionsandmunicipalities，districtsofcitiesmayalsosetuppublicnotaryoffices.Alltheofficesareindependentofeachother.Eachofficeshouldhaveadirectorandadeputydirectorwhoshouldbenotariesthemselves.ScopeofBusinessNotarizecivillegalactssuchascontracts，trusts，wills，gifts，divisionofproperty，andadoptionofchildren；Notarizefactsthatamounttocivillegalactssuchasbirth，death，marriage，divorce，kinship，identity，degree，andexperience；Notarizedocumentsthatamounttocivillegalactssuchasauthenticityofsignaturesandsealsoncertificates，consistencyofcopiesofcertificates，excerpts，translationsandphotocopieswiththeoriginals；Notarizetheenforceabilityofcreditordocumentssuchasrepaymentagreementsandcontractsonrecoveryofdebts；Auxiliarybusiness，suchaspreservationofevidence，maintenanceofwillsorotherdocuments，draftingnotarydocumentsonbehalfofclients，notarizingtheopeningoflotterydraws，etc.ValidityofContractsNotarizeddocumentsaregoodforthefollowingfourpurposes：Evidence.Article67oftheCivilProcedureLawstates，Legalacts，legalfactsanddocumentsthathavebeennotarizedthroughlegalproceduresshouldberegardedasabasisforestablishingfacts，exceptwhereopposingevidenceissufficienttooverrulethenotarizeddocuments.“Enforceability.Atpresent，thisislimitedonlytotherecoveryofdebtsandgoods.Liabilitydocumentsnotarizedbypublicnotariesareenforceable；ifonepartyfailstocomply，theotherpartycanapplytothelocalgrassrootscourtthathasjurisdictionforenforcement.Legality.Thismeanscertainlegalactstakeeffectandbecomelegallybindingonlyaftertheyarenotarized.TheseincludeadoptionofchildrenandmarriageregistrationbetweenChinesecitizensandforeigners.Extraterritoriality.NotarizeddocumentsarelegallyvalidoutsideChina.Thisisanextensionoftheinherentlegaleffectofnotarizeddocumentsabroad.Accordingtointernationalpractice，notarizeddocumentssentbyChinesecitizensandlegalentitiesforuseabroadcantakelegaleffectandbeacceptedbythehostcountryonlyaftertheyarecertifiedbytheChineseForeignMinistryandForeignAffairsOfficesoftheprovinces，autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesorforeignembassiesorconsulatesinChina.ProceduresPublicnotaryofficesandpersonsapplyingfornotarizationshouldobservethefollowingprocedures：1.ApplicationandAcceptanceofApplicationsExceptforwillsandadopti...